Table 7.
Impairments in Nonverbal and Verbal Communication Domain and Items by Parent-Child Language Agreement
| ASD Group | Concordant (n = 4) |
Discordant (n = 14) |
F | Partial η2 |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M | SD | M | SD | |||
| Nonverbal Communication Domain | 7.25 | 6.13 | 4.79 | 3.77 | 1.02 | .06 |
| Pointing to express interest | 1.25 | 0.96 | 1.43 | 0.76 | 0.16 | .01 |
| Conventional gestures | 0.75 | 0.96 | 1.21 | 0.97 | 0.71 | .04 |
| Nodding head | 0.50 | 0.93 | 0.79 | 0.97 | 0.27 | .02 |
| Head shaking | 1.00 | 1.15 | 0.79 | 0.97 | 0.14 | .01 |
| Spontaneous imitation of actions | 1.25 | 0.96 | 0.14 | 0.53 | 9.44** | .37 |
| Imaginative play | 1.00 | 1.15 | 0.36 | 0.74 | 1.83 | .10 |
| Imitative social play | 1.50 | 1.00 | 0.07 | 0.27 | 25.86** | .62 |
| Verbal Communication | 14.50 | 5.80 | 11.29 | 5.68 | 0.99 | .06 |
| Stereotyped utterances/echolalia | 1.25 | 0.96 | 1.36 | 0.74 | 0.06 | .00 |
| Social verbalization/chat | 1.25 | 0.96 | 1.50 | 0.76 | 0.30 | .02 |
| Reciprocal conversation | 1.75 | 0.50 | 1.21 | 0.80 | 1.57 | .09 |
| Inappropriate questions/statements | 1.50 | 1.00 | 0.86 | 0.66 | 2.36 | .13 |
| Pronominal reversal | 1.50 | 1.00 | 1.29 | 0.91 | 0.17 | .01 |
| Neologisms/idiosyncratic language | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.79 | 0.80 | 1.60 | .09 |
| DD Group | Concordant (n = 4) | Discordant (n = 9) | F | Partial η2 | ||
| M | SD | M | SD | |||
| Nonverbal Communication Domain | 2.25 | 2.63 | 3.89 | 3.76 | 0.61 | .05 |
| Pointing to express interest | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.11 | 0.78 | 7.69* | .41 |
| Conventional gestures | 1.25 | 0.96 | 1.11 | 1.05 | 0.05 | .01 |
| Nodding head | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | a | a |
| Head shaking | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.33 | 0.42 | .04 |
| Spontaneous imitation of actions | 0.50 | 1.00 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.47 | .04 |
| Imaginative play | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.33 | 0.71 | 0.05 | .00 |
| Imitative social play | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.33 | 0.71 | 0.05 | .00 |
| Verbal Communication | 6.00 | 3.92 | 9.33 | 5.50 | 1.18 | .10 |
| Stereotyped utterances/echolalia | 0.50 | 0.58 | 0.67 | 0.87 | 0.12 | .01 |
| Social verbalization/chat | 1.50 | 0.58 | 1.11 | 0.93 | 0.58 | .05 |
| Reciprocal conversation | 1.25 | 0.96 | 1.11 | 0.93 | 0.06 | .01 |
| Inappropriate questions/statements | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 1.63 | .13 |
| Pronominal reversal | 0.25 | 0.50 | 1.33 | 0.87 | 5.30* | .33 |
| Neologisms/idiosyncratic language | 0.25 | 0.50 | 0.67 | 1.00 | 0.60 | .05 |
**
p < .01;
*
p <.05;
a
analyses were not run due to no variation between language concordance groups