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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 May 10.
Published in final edited form as: Stat Med. 2015 Nov 23;35(10):1565–1579. doi: 10.1002/sim.6813

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Type I error rate for F-test and permutation test with different number of group-level potential confounders (S) controlled in constrained randomization (CR) versus simple randomization (SR); B: imbalance score, TB: total balance score, g = 5, ICC = 0.05, R = 100.