Table 2.

Means, standard deviation, and t test results of surface roughness measurements (nm) for the groups

Roughness parameter		T0	T1	T2	T3
R a	NanoHAP	19.1 ± 5.4A	33.4 ± 13.6B	29.9 ± 12.4B	28.4 ± 9.9B
	Toothpaste	20.2 ± 7.1A	34.4 ± 12.4B	33.4 ± 13.2B	33.7 ± 12.4B
	P value*	0.62	0.83	0.36	0.21
R q	NanoHAP	26.3 ± 8.1A	43.7 ± 15.9B	35.4 ± 13.3B	36.7 ± 12.1B
	Toothpaste	27.1 ± 8.7A	46.9 ± 17.7B	39.3 ± 14.4B	39.9 ± 14.5B
	P value*	0.81	0.6	0.44	0.52
R z	NanoHAP	490.5 ± 188.2A	782.7 ± 385.8B	622.0 ± 271.9B	622.4 ± 260.9B
	Toothpaste	368.0 ± 195.3A	855.6 ± 434.3B	700.1 ± 426.1B	753.1 ± 377.1B
	P value*	0.09	0.49	0.55	0.45

In each row, mean values with the same capital letter in superscript were not statistically different (Sidak test)

T0 prebond, T1 after resin removal, T2 after 10 days of nanoHAP serum or HAP toothpaste application, T3 after 2 months

*t test results