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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Gambl Stud. 2015 Dec;31(4):1431–1447. doi: 10.1007/s10899-014-9494-x

Table 3.

Problem-gambling severity and health functioning measures among adolescents with and without ARPS

Variable ARPS Non-ARPS Interaction OR
LRG vs NG ARPG vs NG LRG vs NG ARPG vs NG LRG vs NG ARPG vs NG
OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI OR 95% CI
Academic/extracurricular
  Grade average
  Mainly A’s &B’s1 0.61 0.36-1.03 0.66 0.35-1.22 0.95 0.70-1.30 0.61 0.43-0.87 0.67 0.37-1.21 1.18 0.61-2.29
  Paid part-time job 0.70 0.41-1.20 0.66 0.35-1.26 0.65 0.47-0.92 0.59 0.40-0.86 1.09 0.52-2.02 1.22 0.61-2.43
  Other extracurricular 1.22 0.70-2.11 1.04 0.54-2.02 1.81 1.31-2.51 2.56 1.72-3.81 0.68 0.36-1.27 0.45 0.22-0.93
Mood
  Dysphoria/Depression 0.78 0.46-1.30 1.33 0.72-2.45 1.70 1.10-2.62 2.94 1.80-4.79 0.55 0.28-1.06 0.82 0.40-1.69
Any aggression 1.47 0.75-2.90 3.47 1.65-7.27 2.62 1.64-4.17 4.72 2.90-7.69 0.54 0.24-1.19 .80 0.35-1.85
Substance Use
  Smoking, Lifetime
  Occasionally2 1.27 0.74-2.19 2.47 1.27-4.78 2.29 1.50-3.50 3.42 2.15-5.44 0.58 0.29-1.14 0.80 0.37-1.73
  Regularly2 1.53 0.71-3.31 4.65 1.96-11.05 2.20 1.32-3.65 3.22 1.83-5.67 0.69 0.28-1.72 1.92 0.72-5.08
  Marijuana, lifetime 1.28 0.78-2.10 1.83 1.01-3.33 2.15 1.51-3.06 3.34 2.31-5.11 0.60 0.33-1.11 0.59 0.30-1.15
  Alcohol, lifetime 5.92 2.56-13.69 5.06 1.90-13.45 4.00 2.69-5.96 5.33 3.23-8.80 1.21 0.51-2.86 0.68 0.27-1.72
  Alcohol, current
  Light3 0.98 0.42-2.27 0.95 0.34-2.60 1.20 0.7-2.1 2.00 1.06-3.75 0.79 0.29-2.08 0.41 0.14-1.23
  Moderate3 1.03 0.46-2.32 0.93 0.35-2.52 2.57 1.3-5.0 5.46 2.63-11.35 0.36 0.13-1.02 0.12 0.04-0.38
  Heavy3 4.35 0.90-21.09 6.73 1.23-36.84 2.32 0.90-6.0 8.05 2.9-22.06 1.86 0.30-11.48 0.80 0.12-5.28
  Other drug, lifetime 1.32 0.53-3.28 2.66 1.02-6.95 2.08 1.05-4.1 4.70 2.28-9.66 0.67 0.22-2.04 0.98 0.30-2.82
  Caffeine use
  1-2 per day4 0.84 0.43-1.63 1.52 0.64-3.61 1.92 1.35-2.73 1.23 0.81-1.86 0.47 0.22-0.96 1.15 0.48-2.77
  3+ per day4 1.24 0.59-2.62 2.41 0.96-6.06 3.49 2.17-5.62 3.77 2.23-6.35 0.39 0.17-0.93 0.77 0.29-2.05
1

Reference = mainly C’s or lower;

2

Reference = never;

3

Reference = never regular;

4

Reference = none

ARPS = at-risk/problem shopping; NG = non-gambling; LRG = low-risk gambling; ARPG = at-risk/problem gambling