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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2015 Jul 15;13(13):2241–e179. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2015.06.041

Table 1.

Description of Studies Included in the Systematic Review

Study, year, and country No. of participants Age Sex Race BMI (kg/m2) WHR GERD symptoms Smoking history Adiponectin categories Leptin categories Insulin categories
Almers et al,
201526
USA		 BE 310 (incident
BE cases)		 62 (10.7) M: 227
(73.2%)		 W: 271
(87.4%)
NW: 39
(12.6%)		 29.4 (6.1) NR Weekly:
248 (80%)		 Ever smoked:
206 (66.5%)		 Q1: lowest-7.35
Q2: 7.36-10.55
Q2: 10.56-15.41
Q4: >12.46		 N/A N/A
Control
subjects		 305 (population
control
subjects)		 62 (10.2) M: 208
(68.2%)		 W: 259
(84.9%)
NW: 46
(15.1%)		 29.4 (5.8) NR Weekly: 86
(28.2%)		 Ever smoked:
170 (55.7%)
308 (GERD
control
subjects)		 62 (10.7) M: 212
(68.8%)		 W: 248
(80.5%)
NW: 60
(19.5%)		 28.8 (5.2) NR Weekly: 226
(73.4%)		 Ever smoked:
183 (59.4%)
Garcia et al,
201427
USA		 BE
Control
subjects		 141 (39
prevalent
cases; 102
incident
cases)
139 (screening
colonoscopy
control
subjects)		 62.8 (6.7)
61.2 (7.6)		 M: 137
(97.2%)
M: 135
(97.1%)		 W: 126
(89.4%)
NW: 15
(10.6%)
W: 90
(64.7%)
NW: 49
(35.3%)		 30.3 (5.7)
31.6 (6.7)		 0.95 (0.05)
0.96 (0.07)		 None: 50
(38.5%)
<5y:6
(4.6%)
≥5y: 74
(56.9%)
NR: 11
None: 78
(59.1%)
<5y:7
(5.3%)
≥5y: 47
(35.6%)
NR: 7		 Never: 30
(23.0%)
Former: 37
(28.5%)
Current: 63
(48.5%)
NR: 11
Never: 33
(25.0%)
Former: 37
(28.0%)
Current: 62
(47.0%)
NR: 7		 (μg/mL)
Q1: lowest-3.20
Q2: 3.20-5.258
Q3: 5.258-8.203
Q4: 8.203-12.713
Q5: 12.713-
highest		 (pg/mL)
Q1: lowest-
3154
Q2: 3154-
5377
Q3: 5377-
12,629
Q4: 12,629-
33,904
Q5: 33,904-
highest		 (pg/mL)
Q1: lowest-
210
Q2: 210-390
Q3: 390-579
Q4: 579-921
Q5: 921-
highest
Greer et al,
201229
USA		 BE 135 (prevalent
and incident
cases)		 63.7 (11.2) M: 108
(79.7%)		 W: 126
(93.3%)
NW: 9
(6.7%)		 30.8 (5.7) 0.98 (0.06) N/A N/A N/A N/A (μIU/mL)
T1: <4.30
T2: 4.30-7.66
T3: >7.66
Control
subjects		 135 (GERD
control
subjects)		 56.4 (11.1) M: 81
(60.0%)		 W: 112
(82.96%)
NW: 23
(17.0%)		 29.5 (5.6) 0.97 (0.07) N/A N/A
932 (screening
colonoscopy
control
subjects)		 54.5 (8.9) M: 323
(34.7%)		 W: 574
(61.6%)
NW: 358
(38.4%)		 29.3 (6.9) 0.91 (0.09) N/A N/A
182 (matched
screening
colonoscopy
control
subjects)		 60.3 (10.18) M: 128
(70.3%)		 W: 157
(86.3%)
NW: 25
(13.7%)		 30.6 (6.0) 0.95 (0.09) N/A N/A
Greer et al,
201528
USA		 BE
Control
subjects		 135
135 (GERD
control
subjects)
932 (screening
colonoscopy
control
subjects)		 63.7 (11.2)
56.4(11.1)
54.5(8.9)		 M: 108
(79.7%)
M: 81
(60.0%)
M: 323
(34.7%)		 W: 126
(93.3%)
NW: 9
(6.7%)
W: 112
(82.96%)
NW: 23
(17.04%)
W: 574
(61.6%)
NW: 358
(38.4%)		 30.8 (5.7)
29.5 (5.6)
29.5 (5.6)		 0.98 (0.06)
0.97 (0.07)
0.91 (0.09)		 N/A
N/A
N/A		 N/A
N/A
N/A		 (μg/mL)
Males
T1: <5.33
T2: 5.33-8.75
T3: >8.75
Females
T1: <7.62
T2: 7.62-12.92
T3: >12.92		 (ng/mL)
Males
T1: <5
T2: 5-12.24
T3: >12.24
Females
T1: <13.65
T2: 13.65-
30.72
T3: >30.72		 N/A
182 (matched
screening
colonoscopy
control
subjects)		 60.3 (10.18) M: 128
(70.3%)		 W: 157
(86.3%)
NW: 25
(13.7%)		 29.3 (6.9) 0.95 (0.09) N/A N/A
Kendall et al
(validation),
200830
Australia		 BE
Control
subjects		 306
309 (matched
population
control
subjects)		 <39: 16 (6%)
40-49: 33
(11%)
50-59: 94
(31%)
60-69: 103
(34%)
70-79: 60
(20%)
<39: 11 (4%)
40-49: 29
(9%)
50-59: 91
(29%)
60-69: 113
(37%)
70-79: 65
(21%)		 M: 208
(68%)
M: 101
(33%)		 N/A
N/A		 <25.0:
79 (26%)
25.0-29.9:
157 (51%)
30.0-34.9:
55 (18%)
35.0+:
9 (3%)
<25.0:
107 (35%)
25.0-29.9:
140 (45%)
30.0-34.9:
47 (15%)
35.0+:
12 (4%)		 N/A
N/A		 Never: 42
(14%)
Less than
weekly:
115 (38%)
Weekly or
more
often: 144
(47%)
Never: 140
(45%)
Less than
weekly:
135 (44%)
Weekly or
more
often: 31
(10%)		 Never: 90
(29%)
Former:
152 (50%)
Current:
59 (19%)
Never: 155
(50%)
Former: 113
(37%)
Current: 38
(12%)		 N/A (ng/mL)
Males
Q1: 0-3.7
Q2: 3.8-6.1
Q3: 6.1-8.6
Q4: ≥8.6
Females
Q1: 0-15.4
Q2: 15.5-
23.1
Q3: 23.2-
32.2
Q4: ≥32.3		 N/A
Kendall et al
(pilot), 200830
Australia		 BE
Control
subjects		 51
67 (matched
population
control
subjects)		 <39: 4 (8%)
40-49: 9
(18%)
50-59: 12
(24%)
60-69: 18
(35%)
70-79: 8
(16%)
<39: 5 (7%)
40-49: 11
(16%)
50-59: 15
(22%)
60-69: 22
(33%)
70-79: 14
(21%)		 M: 26
(51%)
M: 34
(51%)		 N/A
NR		 <25.0:
24 (47%)
25.0-29.9:
0 (0%)
30.0-34.9:
11 (22%)
35.0+:
16 (31%)
<25.0:
36 (54%)
25.0-29.9:
0 (0%)
30.0-34.9:
0 (0%)
35.0+:
31 (46%)		 N/A
N/A		 Never: 6
(12%)
Less than
weekly:
22 (41%)
Weekly or
more
often: 23
(45%)
Never: 35
(52%)
Less than
weekly:
24 (36%)
Weekly or
more
often: 8
(12%)		 Never: 15
(29%)
Former: 26
(51%)
Current: 9
(18%)
Never: 30
(45%)
Former: 28
(42%)
Current: 9
(13%)		 (μg/mL)
Males
Q1: 0-6.87
Q2: 6.88-8.69
Q3: 8.70-13.62
Q4: ≥13.63
Females
Q1: 0-8.18
Q2: 8.19-11.22
Q3: 11.23-14.30
Q4: ≥14.31		 (ng/mL)
Males
Q1: 0-3.8
Q2: 3.9-7.5
Q3: 7.6-
18.6
Q4: ≥18.6
Females
Q1: 0-8.6
Q2: 8.7-
23.6
Q3: 23.7-
35.8
Q4: ≥35.8		 N/A
Rubenstein
et al, 2008
(pilot)31
USA		 BE 50 60 M: 40
(80%)		 W: 46
(92%)
NW: 4
(8%)		 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Control
subjects		 50 (matched
patient
control
subjects)		 60 M: 27
(54%)		 W: 48
(96%)
NW: 2
(4%)		 N/A N/A N/A N/A
Rubenstein
et al, 200932
USA		 BE 112 57.4 (11.3) M: 73
(65%)		 W: 106
(95%)
NW: 6
(5%)		 28.2 (5.1) 0.93 (0.10) N/A Never: 53
(50%)
Former/current:
53 (50%)		 Cutoffs are in
tertiles but NR		 N/A N/A
Control
subjects		 199 (GERD
control
subjects)		 50.7 (13.3) M: 69
(35%)		 W: 160
(80%)
NW: 39
(20%)		 28.7 (6.2) 0.88 (0.09) N/A Never: 103
(52%)
Former/current:
95 (48%)
Rubenstein
et al, 201333
USA		 BE 70 (incident
cases)		 61.0 (6.6) M: (100%) W: 57
(88%)
NW: 8
(12%)		 30.3 (4.2) 1.020
(0.053)		 Less than
weeklya:
46 (66%)
Weekly or
morea:
10 (14%)
Earlier
weekly
or moreb:
12 (17%)
Weekly or
morec:
2 (3)
Esophagitisd:
18 (26%)		 Never: 12
(18%)
Former: 36
(53%)
Current: 20
(29%)		 N/A (ng/mL)
T1: <2.4
T2: 2.4-6.7
T3: ≥6.8		 (pmol/L)
T1: <26
T2: 26-48
T3: ≥49
BE 80 (prevalent
cases)		 61.4 (7.1) W: 76
(95%)
NW: 4 (5%)		 31.0 (5.6) 1.021
(0.054)		 Less than
weeklya:
15 (19%)
Weekly or
morea:
2 (3%)
Earlier
weekly or
moreb: 30
(38%)
Weekly or
morec:
33 (41%)
Esophagitisd:
3
(4%)		 Never: 15
(19%)
Former: 43
(54%)
Current: 22
(28%)
Control
subjects		 751 (screening
colonoscopy
control
subjects)		 58.5 (6.7) W: 640
(90%)
NW: 71
(10%)		 29.9 (5.6) 1.001
(0.056)		 Less than
weeklya:
604 (83%)
Weekly or
morea:
45 (6%)
Earlier
weekly or
moreb:48
(7%)
Weekly or
morec:
31 (4%)
Esophagitisd:
75 (10%)		 Never: 224
(31%)
Former: 338
(47%)
Current: 158
(22%)
Thompson
et al, 201034
USA		 BE 177 20-39: 24
(13.6%)
40-59: 98
(55.4%)
60-80: 55
(31.0%)		 M: 107
(60.5%)		 W: 159
(89.8%)
NW:
18 (10.2%)		 <25.00: 34
(19.2%)
25.00-29.99:
70
(39.5%)
≥30.00: 73
(41.2%)		 T1e: 43
(24.3%)
T2: 62
(35.0%)
T3: 72
(40.7%)		 Heartburn
<1 time/
week:
14 (7.9%)
≥1 time/
week:
163
(92.1%)
Regurgitation
< 1 time/
week:
16 (9.0%)
≥1 time/
week:
161
(91.0%)		 Never: 62
(35.0%)
Former/current:
115 (65.0%)		 (μg/mL)
Males
T1: <7.1
T2: 7.1-
11.3
T3: ≥11.4
Females
T1: <11.9
T2: 11.9-
18.6
T3: ≥18.7		 (ng/mL)
Males
T1: <4.9
T2: 4.9-9.9
T3: ≥10.0
Females
T1: <13.5
T2: 13.5-
25.9
T3: ≥26.0		 N/A
Control
subjects		 173 (matched
population
control
subjects)		 20-39: 27
(15.6%)
40-59: 93
(53.8%)
60-80: 53
(30.6%)		 M: 110
(63.6%)		 W: 161
(93.0%)
NW:
12 (6.9%)		 <25.00: 54
(31.2%)
25.00-29.99:
68
(39.3%)
≥30.00: 51
(29.5%)		 T1e: 67
(38.7%)
T2: 61
(35.3%)
T3: 45
(26.0%)		 Heartburn
<1 time/
week:
119
(68.8%)
≥1 time/
week:
54
(31.2%)
Regurgitation
<1 time/
week:
114
(65.9%)
≥1 time/
week:
59
(34.1%)		 Never: 91
(52.6%)
Former/current:
82 (47.4%)

H2RA, histamine-2 receptor antagonist; LA, Los Angeles; M, Male; N/A, not available; NR, not reported; NW, nonwhite; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; W, white.

a

No exposure to PPI or H2RA.

b

GERD symptoms successfully treated by PPI or H2RA.

c

GERD symptoms persist despite treatment by PPI or H2RA.

d

LA Grade B or higher.

e

T1/T2/T3: (male) <0.91/0.91-0.950/≥0.96; (female) <0.80/0.80-0.84/≥0.85.