Figure 2. Inspiratory dysfunction in heart failure patients.
A) Progressive decline in maximal inspiratory pressure (%predicted) in heart failure patients going from New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I to IV. Data are replotted from Filusch et al [32]. B) Heart failure patients have diminished endurance during a submaximal inspiratory load endurance test (protocol as in ref. [35]). Data shown in panel B were kindly provided by Dr. Gaspar Chiappa (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) and are from 18 CHF patients (age 64 ± 4 yrs) and 8 controls (age 62 ± 2 yrs) [131].
