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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Heart Fail Rev. 2017 Mar;22(2):191–207. doi: 10.1007/s10741-016-9549-4

Figure 4. Heart failure causes diaphragm isometric and isotonic contractile dysfunction.

Figure 4

Data are from intact diaphragm bundles from adult control (open circles) and CHF mice (closed circles). Specific force, force (in Newton) normalized to cross-sectional area (cm2). Replotted from Ahn et al. [83]. The effects of aging on contractile properties are similar to those shown herein.