Fig. 5.

Of the nine patients with resection areas inside the optical field of view (12 imaging data sets), 83% (n = 10, 9 in the resection area and 1 in an irritative zone) exhibited Granger-causes within epileptic cortex. Eloquent areas either directly contributed to the activities in a distant cortex (n = 2) or relayed activities from the epileptic (either resection area responsible for seizure onset or irritative zone) to some distant cortex (n = 4).