Fig. 6.

Vasculature abnormalities in the superficial layer (anatomical features). A) Examples of vessel networks in epileptogenic and normal cortices and their corresponding histograms (blue: epileptogenic cortex, red: normal cortex). Areas showing normal cortex were randomly selected, regardless of their functional roles. B) Normalized histogram of the vessel network image obtained from the epileptogenic and normal cortices. Six patients (Patients 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, and 9) with high-quality color images of the exposed brain (number of epileptogenic areas = 18; number of normal areas = 20). For each patient, the window sizes for the epileptogenic and normal areas were the same. The histograms for each patient were normalized to the highest value in the epileptogenic area's histograms. The p-value from the permutation test (gray) was below the histogram with a magenta line showing the p-value equal to 0.05. Any p-value below the magenta line means there is a significant difference in the histograms at that intensity level. All statistically-significant intensity levels were highlighted in black dots at the top of the histograms. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)