Table 1.
Covariate balance between children who attended Age 3 Head Start + Age 4 OK Pre-k and Age 3 Head Start + Age 4 Head Start in observed data and in Propensity Score weighted data
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Observed group means | PS weighted group means | ||||
| HS Age 3; OK Pre-k Age 4 | HS Age 3; HS Age 4 | HS Age 3; OK Pre-k Age 4 | HS Age 3; HS Age 4 | Diff | |
| Covariates | |||||
| Reduced-price lunch | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.00 |
| White | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.00 |
| Black | 0.64 | 0.44 | 0.54 | 0.52 | 0.02 |
| Hispanic | 0.17 | 0.39 | 0.27 | 0.30 | 0.03 |
| Asian/Native/Other | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.01 |
| Female | 0.50 | 0.55 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.00 |
| Below High School | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.12 | 0.15 | 0.03 |
| High School | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.02 |
| Some college | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.10 |
| College + | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.00 |
| Child had some non-parental care at age 3 | 0.55 | 0.46 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.02 |
| Internet access in home | 0.33 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.02 |
| Number of books in home (1-5 scale) | 1.86 | 1.93 | 1.93 | 1.94 | 0.00 |
| Parent is foreign-born | 0.28 | 0.43 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 0.00 |
| English is home language | 0.71 | 0.59 | 0.65 | 0.65 | 0.00 |
| Child has health insurance | 0.79 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.02 |
| Married | 0.26 | 0.36 | 0.31 | 0.33 | 0.02 |
| Child tested in both English and Spanish | 0.11 | 0.31 | 0.20 | 0.24 | 0.04 |
| Father lives in home | 0.35 | 0.44 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.01 |
| Full day OK pre-k | 0.92 | - | 0.92 | - | |
| Parent education missing | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.02 |
| Non-parental care missing | 0.26 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.00 |
| Internet missing | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.03 |
| Books in home missing | 0.21 | 0.17 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.02 |
| Foreign-born parent missing | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.00 |
| Home language missing | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.02 |
| Health insurance missing | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.03 |
| Marital status missing | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.01 |
| Father status missing | 0.22 | 0.17 | 0.20 | 0.18 | 0.02 |
| Health status missing | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.02 |
| Medical visit missing | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.13 | 0.02 |
| Outcomes | |||||
| Assessment at Kindergarten entry | |||||
| WJ Letter-Word raw score – Cohort 1 | 10.51 (4.06) | 7.98 (4.06) | 10.35 (4.14) | 8.08 (4.01) | |
| WJ Applied Problems raw score – Cohort 1 | 13.15 (3.97) | 12.95 (3.94) | 13.03 (3.90) | 12.62 (4.08) | |
| WJ Spelling raw score – Cohort 1 | 9.06 (2.90) | 8.53 (2.41) | 9.05 (2.96) | 8.46 (2.40) | |
| Assessment at Age 4 program entry | |||||
| WJ Letter-Word raw score – Cohort 2 | 4.55 (3.14) | 4.81 (3.14) | 4.53 (3.12) | 4.82 (4.03) | |
| WJ Applied Problems raw score – Cohort 2 | 8.39 (4.76) | 8.00 (4.66) | 8.42 (4.55) | 7.86 (4.63) | |
| WJ Spelling raw score – Cohort 2 | 4.25 (2.14) | 5.04 (3.03) | 4.54 (2.55) | 4.86 (3.10) | |
| Observations | 211 | 329 | 211 | 329 | |
Notes: HS-Head Start. Sample restricted to children who are free and reduced-price lunch eligible. Cohort 1 refers to the group of children who participated in OK pre-k or Head Start during the 2005-06 school year and are entering kindergarten at the time of the assessment, the start of the 2006-07 school year. Cohort 2 refers to the group of children who are entering OK pre-k or Head Start in the 2006-07 school year.
*
Diff refers to differences in proportions or means, where p<.05.