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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nanosci Nanoeng. 2016 Feb;4(1):1–11. doi: 10.13189/nn.2016.040101

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Relative DMPO-OH radical adduct intensity dependent on irradiation time of ultrasound by ESR measurement with a spin trapping agent, DMPO. Open circle was the intensities irradiated with TiO2 nanoparticles + 5-ALA, and closed circle was those of without nanoparticles and without 5-ALA, respectively. The conditions of ESR (JES-RE3XR type, JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) measurement of the OH radicals were shown as following: (1) Power=10 mW; (2) Field=335.4 mT/G +/− 5 mT/G; (3) Sweep Time=2 min; Mod.=9.427 GHz; (4) Receiver Gain=7.9 ×100; (5) Time Const.=0.01 sec. The ratio of the typical peak intensity (1:2:2:1) against the standard marker (Mn2+) were compared for the irradiation times of ultrasound (Bransonic 1510, frequency=42 kHz, 50W).