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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 2.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Nephrol. 2016 Mar 2;43(2):74–84. doi: 10.1159/000444719

Figure 5. VEGF-NA decreased the beneficial effects of ET-A blockade on podocyte counts and pro-apoptotic signaling.

Figure 5

Incubation for 96 hours with VEGF-NA further decreased cell count (A) and diminished the protective actions of ET-A on cell survival and apoptotic signaling (B), suggesting the ET-A antagonism-induced protection is largely mediated by VEGF.

* p<0.05 vs. Normoxic; † p<0.05 vs. Hypoxic; ‡ p<0.05 vs. Hypoxic+ET-A; ‡‡ p<0.05 vs. untreated.