TABLE II.
Injury Characteristics, Injury Rates, and Adjusted Odds Ratios Among Hired Crop Workers in the United States During NAWS Period I (1999, 2002–2004) and Period II (2008–2010)
| Characteristic | Data collection years
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Period I
|
Period II
|
|||||
| Weighted percent injuries n = 374 (95%CI) | Injury rate/100 FTEWB (95%CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (Wald 95%CI) | Weighted percent injuries n = 141 (95%CI) | Injury rate/100 FTEWB (95%CI) | Adjusted odds ratio (Wald 95%CI) | |
| Country of birth | ||||||
| United States | 26.4 (17.4–35.4) | 5.2 (3.4–7.0) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 32.2 (12.2–52.2) | 3.8 (1.4–6.2) | 1.4 (0.7–2.8) |
| Mexico | 71.8 (55.2–88.4) | 4.1 (3.1–5.1) | 1.0 (–)a | 66.5 (45.2–87.8) | 2.7 (1.9–3.5) | 1.0 (–)a |
| Otherb | – (–) | – (–) | – (–) | – (–) | – (–) | – (–) |
| Migrant | ||||||
| Non-migrant (settled) | 60.0 (46.2–73.8) | 3.6 (2.8–4.4) | 1.0 (–)a | 78.3 (55.4–99.9) | 2.8 (2.0–3.6) | n/a (–)d |
| Migrantb | 40.0 (26.7–53.3) | 6.0 (4.0–8.0) | 1.6 (1.1–2.4)c | – (–) | – (–) | – (–) |
| Documentation status | ||||||
| Citizen | 29.4 (19.9–38.9) | 5.0 (3.4–6.6) | 1.4 (1.0–2.1) | 41.3 (19.0–63.6) | 3.9 (1.8–6.0) | 2.1 (1.1–3.8)c |
| Documented | 30.9 (19.2–42.6) | 4.8 (3.0–6.6) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | 25.7 (9.2–42.2) | 3.4 (1.2–5.6) | 1.8 (0.8–3.9) |
| Undocumented | 39.7 (29.0–50.4) | 3.6 (2.6–4.6) | 1.0 (–)a | 33.0 (22.4–43.6) | 1.9 (1.3–2.5) | 1.0 (–)a |
| Number of employers | ||||||
| One | 75.8 (57.8–93.8) | 4.6 (3.4–5.8) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 86.4 (58.1–99.9) | 3.1 (2.1–4.1) | 1.7 (0.9–3.3) |
| Two or more | 24.2 (17.9–30.5) | 3.5 (2.5–4.5) | 1.0 (–)a | 13.6 (6.3–20.9) | 1.8 (0.8–2.8) | 1.0 (–)a |
| Type of hire | ||||||
| Direct | 91.5 (72.3–99.9) | 4.9 (3.9–5.9) | 2.6 (1.6–4.2)c | 88.3 (60.8–99.9) | 2.9 (2.1–3.7) | n/a (–)d |
| Indirect (labor contractor)b | 8.5 (4.6–12.4) | 1.8 (1.0–2.7) | 1.0 (–)a | – (–) | – (–) | – (–) |
| Duration of farm work in the US | ||||||
| <2 yearsb | 16.4 (7.9–24.9) | 4.9 (2.4–7.4) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | – (–) | – (–) | – (–) |
| 2–5 years | 22.6 (13.6–31.6) | 4.5 (2.7–6.3) | 1.0 (–)a | 10.5 (3.6–17.4) | 1.8 (0.6–3.0) | 1.0 (–)a |
| 6–10 years | 21.7 (12.8–30.6) | 5.4 (3.2–7.6) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 19.6 (11.7–27.5) | 2.7 (1.7–3.7) | 1.5 (0.7–3.3) |
| 11–20 years | 21.2 (13.7–28.7) | 3.6 (2.2–5.0) | 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 21.0 (11.5–30.5) | 2.6 (1.4–3.8) | 1.5 (0.7–3.3) |
| 21+years | 18.0 (12.5–23.5) | 3.6 (2.4–4.8) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 41.0 (19.7–62.3) | 3.8 (1.8–5.8) | 2.1 (0.5–5.0) |
| Handled pesticides in the last yeare | ||||||
| No | 78.4 (57.6–99.2) | 3.3 (2.5–4.1) | 1.0 (–)a | 65.3 (45.0–85.6) | 2.3 (1.5–3.1) | 1.0 (–)a |
| Yes | 21.6 (13.0–30.2) | 4.9 (2.9–6.9) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | 34.7 (15.7–53.7) | 5.0 (2.3–7.7) | 2.1 (1.2–4.0)c |
| Health condition | ||||||
| No | 74.9 (60.3–89.5) | 3.9 (3.1–4.7) | 1.0 (–)a | 75.2 (50.3–99.9) | 2.7 (1.7–3.7) | 1.0 (–)a |
| Yes | 25.1 (14.8–35.4) | 6.4 (3.9–8.9) | 1.7 (1.1–2.5)c | 24.8 (11.8–37.8) | 3.6 (1.6–5.6) | 1.3 (0.8–2.4) |
NAWS, National Agricultural Workers Survey; n, sample size; FTEWB, week-based full-time equivalent; CI, confidence interval.
a
Reference category.
b
Estimates for periods I and/or II not displayed due to coefficient of variation not meeting reportable limit.
c
Significant at P <0.05.
d
Not applicable (n/a) due to lack of comparison group.
e
Data not available for 1999.