Table 1.
Neuroimmune markers are increased in post-mortem human alcoholic brain
| Marker | Full name | Effect | Citation |
|---|---|---|---|
| RAGE | Receptor for advanced glycation end products | ↑ | Vetreno et al. (2013) |
| TLR2 | Toll-like receptor 2 | ↑ | Crews et al. (2013) |
| TLR3 | Toll-like receptor 3 | ↑ | Crews et al. (2013) |
| TLR4 | Toll-like receptor 4 | ↑ | Crews et al. (2013) |
| HMGB1 | High-mobility group box 1 | ↑ | Crews et al. (2013) |
| IL-1β | Interleukin-1β | ↑ | Zou and Crews (2012) |
| NALP1 | Nacht, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing protein | ↑ | Zou and Crews (2012) |
| gp91phox | NADPH oxidase 2 | ↑ | Qin and Crews (2012) |
| MCP-1 (CCL2) | Monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 2) | ↑ | He and Crews (2008) |
| Iba-1 | Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 | ↑ | He and Crews (2008) |
| GluT5 | Microglia marker | ↑ | He and Crews (2008) |
| MK | Medkine | ↑ | Flatscher-Bader et al. (2005) |