Table 1.

Risk factors-associated with orthodontic treatment-induced apical external root resorption [1–11].

(1) Genetic factors
(2) Systemic factors
(3) Personal susceptibility
(4) Root morphology
(5) Alveolar bone morphology
(6) The magnitude, type (continuous or intermittent), direction and duration of the applied orthodontic force
(7) Type of treatment mechanics (rectangular or round arch wires, springs, elastics, etc)
(8) Nature of tooth movement (intrusion, extrusion, tipping or bodily movement)
(9) Distance of tooth movement
(10) Overall duration of orthodontic treatment