Table 1.
Comparisons between groups.
| Outcomes | Mean ± SD | Mean difference (95% CI); effect size (d) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NP | CCFP | CG | (a) NP versus CCFP (b) NP versus CG (c) CCFP versus CG |
|
| NDI | 21.82 ± 8.37 | 22.60 ± 8.24 | — | (a) −0.78 (−5.97 to 4.41); d = −0.09 |
|
| ||||
| PCS | 13.05 ± 10.27 | 17.45 ± 11.26 | — | (a) −4.41 (−11.12 to 2.31); d = −0.40 |
|
| ||||
| Extension | 65.48 ± 15.56 | 63.45 ± 17.29 | 80.91 ± 10.13 | (a) 2.03 (−9.04 to 13.09); d = 0.12 (b) −15.43 (−26.23 to −4.63)∗∗; d = −1.17 (c) −17.46 (−28.53 to −6.39)∗∗; d = −1.23 |
|
| ||||
| Lateroflexion | 84.93 ± 14.41 | 79.38 ± 15.99 | 91.96 ± 12.52 | (a) 5.55 (−5.34 to 16.44); d = 0.36 (b) −7.02 (−17.65 to 3.61); d = −0.52 (c) −12.57 (−23.46 to −1.68)∗; d = −0.87 |
|
| ||||
| Rotation | 129.52 ± 21.09 | 127.70 ± 17.63 | 143.82 ± 14.03 | (a) 1.82 (−11.74 to 15.38); d = 0.09 (b) −14.30 (−27.53 to −1.06)∗; d = −0.80 (c) −16.12 (−29.68 to −2.56)∗; d = −1.01 |
|
| ||||
| MMO | 47.51 ± 7.11 | 40.25 ± 7.49 | 52.35 ± 6.37 | (a) 7.26 (1.95 to 12.58)∗∗; d = 0.99 (b) −4.83 (−10.02 to 0.35); d = −0.71 (c) −12.10 (−17.41 to −6.78)∗∗; d = −1.74 |
NDI, neck disability index; PCS, Pain Catastrophizing Scale; MMO, maximal mouth opening; NP, neck pain group; CCFP, cervico-craniofacial pain group; CG, control group.
∗ P < 0.05.
∗∗ P < 0.01.