Table 4. The association between perceived, internalized and enacted stigma and its financial burden.
| Model 3: financial burden | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Income | Employment | Balance between income and expenditure | ||||
| aOR, 95% CI | aOR, 95% CI | aOR, 95% CI | ||||
| Perceived stigma | Low | 1.00 (ref)31a | Full time | 1.00 (ref)31b | Not enough | 1.00 (ref) 31c |
| Median vs. low | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) | No work vs. full time | 0.99 (0.96,1.01) | Enough vs. not enough | 0.96(0.93, 0.99)* | |
| Median high vs. low | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99)* | Part time vs. full time | 1.01(0.98, 1.04) | Barely enough vs. not enough | 0.98(0.96, 1.01) | |
| High vs. low | 1.02 (0.97, 1.07) | |||||
| Internalized stigma | Low | 1.00 (ref)32a | Full time | 1.00 (ref)32b | Not enough | 1.00 (ref) 32c |
| Median vs. low | 0.99 (0.97,1.01) | No work vs. full time | 1.02 (1.00, 1.05)* | Enough vs. not enough | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) | |
| Median high vs. low | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) | Part time vs. full time | 1.04 (1.02,1.07)**** | Barely enough vs. not enough | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | |
| High vs. low | 1.04 (1.00,1.08) | |||||
| Enacted stigma | Low | 1.00 (ref)33a | Full time | 1.00 (ref)33b | Not enough | 1.00 (ref) 33c |
| Median vs. low | 0.83 (0.67, 1.03) | No work vs. full time | 1.93 (1.48, 2.52)**** | Enough vs. not enough | 0.68 (0.47, 0.99)* | |
| Median high vs. low | 0.63 (0.42, 0.95)* | Part time vs. full time | 1.57 (1.20, 2.04)**** | Barely enough vs. not enough | 0.76 (0.62, 0.93)** | |
| High vs. low | 0.86(0.59, 1.27) | |||||
Notes: Confounders controlled by each model. Model 3. Financial burden. Mode31a–c: gender, ethnicity, religious, residence, marital status, year of school, age, co-infection, social support. Mode32a–c: gender, ethnicity, residence, marital status, year of school, age, co-infection, social support. Mode33a–c: gender, ethnicity, religious, residence, marital status, year of school, age, co-infection, social support.
*p < .05.
**p < .01.
****p < .001.
****p < .0001.