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. 2016 Apr 12;6:24088. doi: 10.1038/srep24088

Figure 1. Effect of noise on detecting directed dynamical influence from an experimental data set.

Figure 1

For the predator-prey system of paramecium and Didinium, quantity R characterizing the detectability versus the noise amplitude σ. The time series contains L = 61 records, into which noise is intentionally injected. The results are averaged over 1000 realizations of noise. The dimension of the reconstructed phase space is Ex = Ey = 3.