Figure 2. Enhancement of detectability of directed dynamical influence from model.

Measure of detectability R versus noise amplitude σ for a model ecosystem: (a) for different values of β_x,y but fixed β_y,x = 0.1 and η = 1, (b) for different values of the asymmetry parameter η but for fixed β_x,y = 0.05 and β_y,x = 0.1. The value of R for each parameter setting is averaged over 10 dynamical realizations and 10 different noise arrangements for each dynamical realization. Other parameters are r_x = 3.8 and r_y = 3.5.