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. 2016 Apr 12;6:24272. doi: 10.1038/srep24272

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Control (A) and hyal-treated (B) bovine cartilage stained with HABP shows an overall decrease in HA (green) throughout the tissue (blue = DAPI). Representative AFM compressive modulus maps of control (C) and hyal-treated (D) bovine cartilage sections. (E) Comparison of overall (entire scan area), ECM (black squares) and cell (white squares) compressive moduli reveals removal of HA increases both ECM and cell stiffness. (F) Statistical comparison of 3 different animals, 3 locations per animal. Hyal treatment significantly stiffened both ECM (14.71 ± 5.49 kPa before and 26.40 ± 7.45 kPa after) and cells (2.69 ± 1.44 kPa before and 4.51 ± 2.02 kPa after). *p < 0.0001.