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. 2016 Apr 12;6:24275. doi: 10.1038/srep24275

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(a) Changes in the autocorrelation functions of PAA-TPE_0.02 (10 mg/L) at 25 °C in a water/methanol mixture (1/1 v/v) containing various concentrations of CaCl₂ obtained by dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. (b) Ca²⁺-concentration dependence of the logarithms of hydrodynamic diameter (D_h) and fluorescence intensity of PAA-TPE_0.02 at 465 nm. (c) Time-dependent changes in the autocorrelation functions at 25 °C of PAA-TPE_0.02 (10 mg/L) in a water/methanol mixture (1/1 v/v) containing 0.4 mM of CaCl₂. (d) Time dependence of the logarithms of hydrodynamic diameter (D_h) and fluorescence intensity of PAA-TPE_0.02 at 465 nm. (e) Schematic illustration of a plausible aggregation behavior of PAA-TPE_0.02 in the presence of Ca²⁺.