Table 2.

Basic characteristics of the control and case groups by gender

Trait	Males (N = 216)			Females (N = 151)
	Controls (N = 119)	Cases (N = 97)	P	Controls (N = 84)	Cases (N = 67)	P
Age (years)	58.68 ± 12.01	64.15 ± 10.71	<10 −4	63.38 ± 12.16	61.28 ± 11.00	0.27
Body mass index (kg/m2)	24.80 ± 3.41	25.23 ± 2.79	0.32	25.64 ± 3.68	24.93 ± 3.66	0.24
Hypertension, n (%)	0 (0.0 %)	65 (67.01 %)	<10 −4	13 (15.48 %)	18 (26.87 %)	0.09
Diabetes mellitus, n (%)	0 (0.0 %)	39 (58.21 %)	<10 −4	10 (11.90 %)	20 (29.85 %)	0.006
Plasma glucose (mmol/l)	4.56 ± 0.71	5.02 ± 3.09	0.12	4.37 ± 0.70	4.71 ± 2.13	0.17
LDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	2.55 ± 1.24	3.13 ± 1.14	5E−04	2.54 ± 1.14	3.49 ± 1.49	<10 −4
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	1.24 ± 0.73	1.21 ± 0.65	0.75	1.33 ± 0.47	1.47 ± 0.92	0.23
HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)	0.83 ± 0.22	0.84 ± 0.27	0.76	0.82 ± 0.44	0.79 ± 0.26	0.62
Non enzymatic antioxidant parameters
Uric Acid (µmol/l)	332.3 ± 92.90	342.38 ± 154.27	0.55	285.21 ± 83.71	326.27 ± 138.95	0.03
Total bilirubin (µmol/l)	18.39 ± 4.21	8.11 ± 4.58	<10 −4	15.89 ± 5.49	7.62 ± 5.04	<10 −4
Direct bilirubin (µmol/l)	7.93 ± 3.14	2.71 ± 1.95	<10 −4	6.83 ± 3.72	2.07 ± 1.74	<10 −4
Albumin (g/l)	41.72 ± 4.23	40.65 ± 4.30	0.07	41.75 ± 7.83	40.95 ± 4.10	0.45
Iron (µmol/l)	18.47 ± 4.54	16.20 ± 3.90	10 −4	17.93 ± 5.41	16.60 ± 3.10	0.075
Enzymatic antioxidant parameters
SOD activity, (U/gHb)	1321.4 ± 204.8	1089.2 ± 219.7	<10 −4	1463.8 ± 233.4	1166.5 ± 213.9	<10 −4
TAS (mmol/l)	1.63 ± 0.271	1.40 ± 0.232	<10 −4	1.70 ± 0.267	1.38 ± 0.289	<10 −4
SOD genotypes (%), n (CC/CT/TT)	31.93/45.38/22.69 %	23.71/37.11/39.18 %	0.03	17.86/55.95/26.19 %	23.88/52.24/23.88 %	0.66
	38/54/27	23/36/38		15/47/22	16/35/16

*P < 0.05 was required for statistical significance