Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies
| Author | Year | Country | Setting | Population | Sample size | Mean age (years) | Sex (% female) | Out-of-office monitoring | Outcome of interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Abir-Khalil et al. | 2009 | Morocco | Outpatient clinic | Admitted to cardiology unit | 2,462 | 50.5 | 58% | ABPM | White coat hypertension |
| Afsar et al. | 2013 | Turkey | Outpatient clinic | Diabetic | 102 | 48.9 | 61% | ABPM | Masked hypertension |
| Akilli et al. | 2014 | Turkey | Outpatient clinic | Diabetic | 85 | 50.7 | 41% | ABPM | Masked hypertension |
| Andalib et al. | 2010 | Canada | Primary Care | Hypertensives | 2,728 | 60.3 | 55% | Home | Masked hypertension |
| Asayama et al. | 2009 | Japan | Community | Unselected | 395 | 63.5 | 70% | Home | Masked hypertension |
| Azizi et al. | 2013 | Morocco | Outpatient clinic | Normotensives | 438 | 47.3 | 49% | ABPM | Masked hypertension |
| Bakalakou et al. | 2013 | Greece | n/a | Hypertensives | 305 | 57.2 | 59% | ABPM | Masked nocturnal hypertension |
| Barochiner et al. | 2013 | Argentina | Outpatient clinic | Hypertensives | 172 | 64.8 | 69% | Home | Masked hypertension |
| Ben-Dov et al. | 2007a | Israel | Outpatient clinic | Referred for ABPM | 3,928 | 55.1 | 53% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Ben-Dov et al. | 2007b | Israel | Outpatient clinic | Referred for ABPM | 3,957 | 54.8 | 58% | ABPM | White coat and masked hypertension |
| Bucio et al. | 2011 | Mexico | Outpatient clinic | Unselected | 49 | 40.9 | 53% | ABPM | White coat hypertension |
| Cacciolati et al. | 2011 | France | Community | Unselected | 690 | 78.8 | 65% | Home | Masked hypertension |
| Calvo-Vargas et al. | 1999 | Mexico | Outpatient clinic | n/a | 243 | 56.5 | 80 % | Home | Home-clinic difference |
| Charvat et al. | 2010 | Czech Rep. | n/a | Diabetic | 64 | — | — | ABPM | Masked hypertension |
| Dolan et al. | 2004 | Ireland | Outpatient clinic | Referred for ABPM | 5,716 | 53.6 | 53% | ABPM | White coat hypertension |
| Florian et al. | 2013 | USA | Community | Unselected | 1,652 | — | — | Home | Masked hypertension |
| Gorostidi et al. | 2013 | Spain | Primary Care/ clinic | Chronic kidney disease | 5,693 | 67.0 | 42% | ABPM | White coat and masked hypertension |
| Gualdiero et al. | 2000 | UK | Outpatient clinic | Referred for ABPM | 1,553 | 53.4 | 49% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Hanninen et al. | 2011 | Finland | Community | Unselected | 1,459 | 55.8 | 53% | Home | Masked hypertension |
| Hermida et al. | 2004 | Spain | n/a | Hypertensives | 837 | 49.5 | 51% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Hernández del Ray | 1996 | Spain | Outpatient clinic | Hypertensives | 106 | 43.0 | 52% | ABPM | White coat hypertension |
| Hiraizumi et al. | 1998 | Japan | n/a | Patients with raised office BP | 86 | — | 62% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Horikawa et al. | 2008 | Japan | Primary Care | Hypertensives | 3,308 | 66.2 | 56% | Home | Home-clinic difference |
| Hozawa et al. | 2001 | Japan | Community | Unselected | 1,789 | — | — | Home | Home-clinic difference |
| Huang et al. | 2010 | Taiwan | Outpatient clinic | Hypertensives | 121 | 45.7 | 37% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Hwang et al. | 2007 | Korea | Outpatient clinic | Referred for ABPM | 967 | 51.9 | 48% | ABPM | White coat and masked hypertension |
| Iimuro et al. | 2013 | Japan | Outpatient clinic | Chronic kidney disease | 1,075 | 60.7 | 37% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Ishikawa et al. | 2007 | Japan | Outpatient clinic | Hypertensives | 405 | 66.9 | 45% | Home | Masked (morning) hypertension |
| Jhalani et al. | 2005 | USA | Outpatient clinic | Hypertensives | 226 | 52.0 | 53% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Kabutoya et al. | 2009 | Japan | Outpatient clinic | Hypertensives | 969 | 66.5 | 58% | Home | Home-clinic difference |
| Kayrak et al. | 2010 | Turkey | Outpatient clinic | Ungoing exercise testing | 61 | 47.3 | 21% | ABPM | Masked hypertension |
| Kim et al. | 2011 | Korea | Community | Normotensives | 84 | 33.1 | 37% | ABPM | Masked hypertension |
| Koupil et al. | 2005 | Sweden | Community | Unselected (aged ~70 years) | 736 | 70.9 | 0% | ABPM | White coat and masked hypertension |
| Labinson et al. | 2008 | USA | Primary Care | Patients with raised office BP | 65 | 54.0 | 55% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Lee et al. | 2008 | Korea | Primary Care | Hypertensives | 4,435 | 57.1 | 51% | Home | Masked hypertension |
| Lerman et al. | 1989 | USA | Primary Care | Hypertensives | 98 | 54.6 | 43% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Lindbaek et al. | 2003 | Norway | Primary Care | Suspected/treated hypertension | 221 | 58.0 | 48% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| MacDonald et al. | 1999 | Canada | Outpatient clinic | Hypertensives | 103 | 59.3 | 47% | ABPM | White coat hypertension |
| Mallion et al. | 2006 | France | Primary Care | Hypertensives | 1,150 | 69.0 | 63% | Home | Masked hypertension |
| Manios et al. | 2008 | Greece | Outpatient clinic | Unselected | 2,004 | 50.9 | 53% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Mansoor et al. | 1996 | USA | Outpatient clinic | Hypertensives | 64 | 56.0 | 64% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Markis et al. | 2009 | Greece | Outpatient clinic | Unselected | 254 | 55.0 | 60% | ABPM | Masked hypertension |
| Martinez et al. | 1999 | Spain | Primary Care | Hypertensives | 345 | 51.8 | 52% | ABPM | White coat hypertension |
| Nasothimiou et al. | 2012 | Greece | Outpatient clinic | Referred for ABPM | 613 | 53.0 | 43% | ABPM/Home | White coat and masked hypertension |
| Niiranen et al. | 2006 | Finland | Community | Unselected | 1,440 | 55.0 | 53% | Home | White coat hypertension |
| Obara et al. | 2005 | Japan | Primary Care | Hypertensives | 3,400 | 66.2 | 55% | Home | White coat and masked hypertension |
| Parati et al. | 2012 | Worldwide | Outpatient clinic | Unselected | 9,753 | 56.0 | 51% | ABPM | Masked hypertension |
| Park et al. | 2011 | Korea | Outpatient clinic | Hypertensives | 511 | 57.2 | 55% | Home | Masked hypertension |
| Rassmussen et al. | 1998 | Denmark | Outpatient clinic | Unselected | 1,855 | — | 48% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Rodrigues et al. | 2009 | Brazil | n/a | Diabetic | 566 | 49.1 | 47% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Sandvik et al. | 1998 | Norway | Primary Care | Hypertensives | 75 | 50.1 | 65% | Home | White coat hypertension |
| Schoenthaler et al. | 2010 | USA | Community | Normotensives | 240 | 35.9 | 61% | ABPM | (Marked) masked hypertension |
| Sheppard et al. | 2014 | UK | Primary Care | Hypertensives | 220 | 67.0 | 53% | Home | White coat/masked effect |
| Smirnova et al. | 2009 | Russia | n/a | Hypertensives | 39 | 53.7 | 51% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Sobrino et al. | 2013 | Spain | Outpatient clinic | Normotensives | 485 | 43.1 | 55% | ABPM | Masked hypertension |
| Sobrino et al. | 2011 | Spain | Outpatient clinic | Hypertensives | 302 | 56.2 | 56% | ABPM | Masked hypertension |
| Spruill et al. | 2007 | USA | Outpatient clinic | Unselected | 214 | 51.7 | 55% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Streitel et al. | 2011 | USA | Outpatient clinic | Unselected | 252 | 45.2 | 53% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Sung et al. | 2013 | Taiwan | Community | Unselected | 1,257 | 53.0 | 47% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Tam et al. | 2007 | Hong Kong | Primary Care | Referred for ABPM | 617 | 52.9 | — | ABPM | White coat hypertension |
| Tardif et al. | 2009 | Canada | Primary Care | Hypertensives | 3,247 | — | — | Home | Masked hypertension |
| Thomas et al. | 2012 | UK | Outpatient clinic | Unselected | 2,381 | 56.0 | 53% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Trudel et al. | 2009 | Canada | Community | Unselected | 2,370 | 44.0 | 61% | ABPM | White coat and masked hypertension |
| Tsai et al. | 2003 | Taiwan | n/a | Unselected | 41 | 42.6 | 59% | ABPM | Home-clinic difference |
| Uze et al. | 2012 | Japan | Outpatient clinic | Diabetic | 193 | 62.7 | 55% | ABPM | Masked hypertension |
| Verdecchia et al. | 2001 | Italy | Outpatient clinic | Hypertensives | 1,546 | 39.0 | 34% | ABPM | White coat hypertension |
| Wang et al. | 2007 | China | Community | Unselected | 694 | 48.5 | 54% | ABPM | White coat and masked hypertension |
| Wing et al. | 2002 | Australia | Primary Care | Hypertensives | 713 | 72.0 | 47% | ABPM | Masked hypertension |
| Yoon et al. | 2012 | Korea | Outpatient clinic | Hypertensives | 1,087 | 57.0 | 52% | Home | Home-clinic difference |
| Zhou et al. | 2013 | China | Outpatient clinic | Diabetic | 856 | 45.1 | 45% | ABPM | Masked hypertension |
References mentioned in the table are found in the Supplementary Appendix.
Abbreviations: ABPM, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; Home, home blood pressure monitoring; BP, blood pressure.