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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 9.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Host Microbe. 2015 Dec 9;18(6):723–735. doi: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.11.002

Figure 6. UBR4 Knockdown Mitigates IAV Replication and Pathogenesis In Vivo.

Figure 6

Six-week-old female BALB/c mice (20 per group) were administered PBS or PPMOs (100 μg in 40 μl PBS, the equivalent of approximately 5 mg/kg) intranasally for 2 consecutive days. Five mice from each group were used to study PPMO toxicity without IAV infection (Figure S7C). On day 0, 15 mice per group were infected with A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (250 PFU) intranasally. Five mice per group were euthanized on days 3 and 6 post-infection. Lungs were harvested to determine virus titer, UBR4 expression, and histopathology. In five mice per group, survival was studied until day 14.

(A) Upper shows experimental setup.

(B) Graph shows mouse body weight ± SEM up to day 7 post-infection, for at least five mice per group.

(C) Graph shows mice survival (five per group).

(D) Graph shows mean lung virus titer ± SD on days 3 and 6 post-infection. * and # represent p value compared with PBS and Scr PPMO group, respectively.

(E) Mouse lungs were isolated on day 0 (before infection), day 3, and day 6 post-infection, and H&E staining was performed on lung sections. Representative images are shown. Areas showing extensive inflammation are marked by arrows. Scale bars represent 300 μm.

See also Figure S6.