Figure 1.

Bystander effects induced by exosomes isolated from conditioned medium of irradiated cells. (A) Frequency of micronuclei (MNF) in bystander cells treated for 48 h with exosomes isolated from conditioned medium harvested from directly irradiated cells. Cells were exposed to 0 Gy and 2 Gy of X-rays. Conditioned medium was harvested 4 h after exposure. (B) Yields of 53BP1 foci in bystander cells treated for 2 h with exosomes isolated from conditioned medium harvested from irradiated cells 4 h after exposure to 0 Gy and 2 Gy of X-rays. Error bars represent means ± standard error of 3 biological replicates and the superscript (*) denote a significant difference between groups (P < 0.05) as determined by Student's t test.