Table 2.
Characteristics of 629 male patients with diabetes by presence of diabetic nephropathy, albuminuria and low GFR
| Variables | Diabetic nephropathy (albuminuria1 or low GFR2) |
Albuminuria |
Low GFR |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (n = 416) | Diabetic nephropathy (n = 213) | p-value | Normal (n = 455) | Albuminuria (n = 174) | p-value | Normal (n = 551) | Low GFR (n = 78) | p-value | |
| Age (y) | 61.0±10.5 | 65.6±9.5 | <0.001 | 61.6±10.6 | 64.9 ± 9.6 | <0.001 | 61.8±10.3 | 67.8±9.5 | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes (y) | 8.3±8.1 | 10.7±9.1 | 0.001 | 8.4±8.3 | 11.0 ± 8.9 | 0.001 | 8.8±8.2 | 11.6±10.4 | 0.02 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.3±2.9 | 24.3±3.1 | 0.99 | 24.3±2.9 | 24.3 ± 3.2 | 0.94 | 24.3±3.0 | 24.2±2.8 | 0.85 |
| SBP (10 mmHg) | 123.7±15.9 | 130.8±20.5 | <0.001 | 123.6±15.6 | 132.6 ± 21.4 | <0.001 | 126.0±17.8 | 126.6±18.7 | 0.81 |
| HbA1c (%) | |||||||||
| <7.0 | 197 (47.4) | 78 (36.6) | 0.01 | 218 (47.9) | 57 (32.8) | 0.001 | 238 (43.2) | 37 (47.4) | 0.56 |
| ≥7.0 | 219 (52.6) | 135 (63.4) | 237 (52.1) | 117 (67.2) | 313 (56.8) | 41 (52.6) | |||
| Medication for hypertension | |||||||||
| No | 237 (57.0) | 84 (39.4) | <0.001 | 253 (55.6) | 68 (39.1) | < 0.001 | 295 (53.5) | 26 (33.3) | 0.001 |
| Yes | 179 (43.0) | 129 (60.6) | 202 (44.4) | 106 (60.9) | 256 (46.5) | 52 (66.7) | |||
| Dyslipidemia3 | |||||||||
| No | 245 (58.9) | 117 (54.9) | 0.39 | 271 (59.6) | 91 (52.3) | 0.12 | 314 (57.0) | 48 (61.5) | 0.52 |
| Yes | 171 (41.1) | 96 (45.1) | 184 (40.4) | 83 (47.7) | 237 (43.0) | 30 (38.5) | |||
| Smoking behavior after diagnosis of diabetes | |||||||||
| Never smoked | 67 (16.1) | 23 (10.8) | 0.009 | 71 (15.6) | 19 (10.9) | 0.002 | 80 (14.5) | 10 (12.8) | 0.76 |
| Smoked only before diagnosis of diabetes | 156 (37.5) | 69 (32.4) | 176 (38.7) | 49 (28.2) | 193 (35.0) | 32 (41.0) | |||
| Ever smoked after diagnosis of diabetes | 193 (46.4) | 121 (56.8) | 208 (45.7) | 106 (60.9) | 278 (50.5) | 36 (46.2) | |||
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation or number (%).
GFR, glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.
1
Albuminuria is defined as spot urine albumin/creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g.
2
Low GFR is defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula.
3
Dyslipidemia includes those with total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL, or triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL, or medication for dyslipidemia.