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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 12.
Published in final edited form as: Kona. 2015 Sep 30;33:63–85. doi: 10.14356/kona.2016014

Table 3.

Ph.Eur. and USP Cascade Impactors for orally inhaled dosage forms.

Dosage Form USP Ph.Eur.
pMDI

  • Andersen 8-stage non-viable cascade impactor configuration at 28.3 L/min flow rate

  • NGI

  • Single Stage Twin Impinger

  • Andersen 8-stage non-viable cascade impactor configuration at 28.3 L/min flow rate

  • NGI
DPI

  • Marple-Miller impactor (model 160, MMI)

  • Andersen 8-stage non-viable cascade impactor configuration at flow rates other than 28.3 L/min

  • Multi-stage liquid impinge

  • NGI

  • Multi-stage liquid impinger

  • Andersen 8-stage non-viable cascade impactor configuration at 28.3 L/min flow rate

  • NGI
Nebulizer*

  • Harmonized with Ph.Eur.

  • Single-stage twin impinger

  • NGI
*

operated at a flow rate of 15 L/min. Ph.Eur. 2.9.44 includes the NGI and is harmonized with <1601> of the USP