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Mechanisms of direct tumor cell killing by antibodies. A: Antibody drug conjugates deliver cytotoxic drugs after selective binding to tumor cell surface antigens, internalization, and intracellular drug release; B: Antibodies against surface bound enzymes can neutralize enzyme activity and signaling, leading to apoptosis (symbolized by the mitochondrion); C: Antibodies can induce receptor agonist or antagonist activity and thereby cause apoptosis.
