TABLE 1.
Study Participants’ Baseline Demographic and Health Characteristics (n=158)
| Age (M±SD) | 64.80±9.18 |
| Age group (n, %) | |
| 50–59 | 44 (27.8) |
| 60–69 | 71 (44.9) |
| 70–79 | 29 (18.4) |
| 80+ | 14 (8.9) |
| Gender (n, %) | |
| Female | 124 (78.5) |
| Male | 34 (21.5) |
| Race/ethnicity (n, %) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 67 (42.4) |
| African American/Black | 52 (32.9) |
| Hispanic | 39 (24.7) |
| Family income (n, %) | |
| Up to $25,000 | 133 (84.2) |
| $25,001–$35,000 | 11 (7.0) |
| $35,001 + | 7 (4.4) |
| Refused | 7 (4.4) |
| Living arrangement (n, %) | |
| Living alone | 101 (64.3) |
| Living with spouse and/or other | 57 (35.7) |
| No. of diagnosed chronic illness1 (M±SD) | 3.06±1.54 |
| No. of IADL/ADL impairment2 (M±SD) | 4.12±2.37 |
| Antidepressant medication intake (n, %) | 74 (46.8) |
| DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of depression (n, %) | |
| Major depressive disorder | 103 (65.2) |
| Depressive disorder, NOS | 47 (29.7) |
| Dysthymia | 8 (5.1) |
1
Arthritis/rheumatism; hypertension; diabetes; heart disease; stroke; emphysema/chronic bronchitis/other lung problems; cancer/malignant tumor; kidney disease; and liver disease were included if they were still problems at time of the interview.
2
IADLs: Preparing and cooking meals; using the telephone; grocery shopping; doing housework or handyman work; taking medications; and managing money; and ADLs: Bathing or taking a shower; toileting; getting dressed or putting on outdoor clothing by oneself; combing or brushing hair; getting into and out of bed; and feeding oneself.