Table 1.

Potential mechanisms regarding aphid performance respond to elevated CO₂

Potential mechanism	Aphid–host plant system	Response	Parameter	Reference
Alters absorption of foliar amino acid or	Acyrthosiphon pisum – Medicago sativa	Positive	Population abundance	Ryalls et al., 2015
changes the sap flow of plant	Acyrthosiphon pisum – Medicago truncatula	Positive	Population abundance,feeding efficiency	Guo et al., 2013
	Aphis gossypii – Gossypium hirsutum	Unchanged	Growth rate	Sun et al., 2009
	Rhopalosiphum padi – Hordeum vulgare	Positive	Population abundance, intrinsic rate of population	Ryan et al., 2015
	Aphis fabae – Cardamine pratensis	Positive	Population abundance	Salt et al., 1996
	Myzus persicae – Solanum dulcamara	Positive	Population abundance	Salt et al., 1996
	Acyrthosiphon pisum – Medicago sativa	Depend on plant genotypes	Population abundance	Johnson et al., 2014
Changes of nitrogen concentration or whole plant quality of host plant	Myzus persicae – Bell pepper	Negative	Pre-reproductive period, fecundity	Dáder et al., 2016
	Phyllaphis fagi – Fagus sylvatica	Negative	Fecundity, nymph weight, nymph weight	Docherty et al., 1997
	Rhopalosiphum padi – Triticum aestivum	Positive	Weight, relative growth rate, life span	Oehme et al., 2013
	Myzus persicae – Brassica napus	Negative	Weight, relative growth rate, life span	Oehme et al., 2013
	Rhopalosiphum maidis – Hordeum vulgare	Positive	Developmental duration, fecundity	Xie et al., 2014
Increase of photosynthesis	Myzus persicae – four plant species (Careamine hirsute, Poa annua, Senecio vulgar, Spergula arvensis)	Positive	Population abundance	Bezemer et al., 1998
Plant endophyte induced resistance	Rhopalosiphum padi – Festuca arundinacea	Negative	Population abundance, aphid density	Newman et al., 1999; Ryan et al., 2014a,b
Decrease of phytohoemone resistance	Myzus persicae – Arabidopsis	Positive	Population abundance	Sun et al., 2013
	Acyrthosiphon pisum – Medicago truncatula	Positive	Mean relative growth rate; feeding efficiency	Guo et al., 2014a,b
R-gene mediated resistance decreased	Amphorophora idaei - Rubus idaeus	Positive	Population abundance, adult mass	Martin and Johnson, 2011
Increase of leaf temperature	Aphis glycines – Glycine max	Positive	Population abundance	O’Neill et al., 2011
Decrease of stomatal aperture	Acyrthosiphon pisum – Medicago truncatula	Positive	Population abundance, feeding efficiency	Sun et al., 2015
Sensitivity to alarm pheromone	Amphorophora idaei – Rubus idaeus	Negative	Escape response to predator	Hentley et al., 2014
	Sitobion avenae – Triticum aestivum	Negative	Sensitivity to (E)-β-farnesene	Sun et al., 2010