Figure 1.

A, Structure of the n-back task. Participants must identify matching stimuli presented in succession (1-back condition) or separated by an intervening stimulus (2-back condition). Ten stimuli were presented per block and there were 8 blocks of each condition. Stimuli are represented in the figure at a disproportionate scale and did not extend to the periphery of the screen. B, Schematic of the fMRI analysis pipeline. Each stage of the fMRI analysis is depicted together with the number of elements of fMRI data produced at that stage. The first two steps of analysis included healthy participants and schizophrenia patients together; all later stages of analysis were performed in the two groups separately. C, Schematic illustrating load-dependent internetwork connectivity. The black line represents a hypothetical pair of networks that has high load-independent connectivity (has high connectivity of ∼0.5 points at both the 1-back and 2-back conditions) but near-zero load-dependent connectivity (no change in connectivity from the 1-back to the 2-back condition). The gray line represents a different hypothetical pair of networks showing high load-dependent connectivity (an increase in connectivity of ∼0.2 points between the 1-back and the 2-back conditions) but lower load-independent connectivity than the black pair.