Table 2.
Relative risk ratios adjusted for gender, age, and duration of diabetes.
| RRR for FLI 30–59% | p 1 | RRR for FLI ≥ 60% | p 2 | p 3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AST (by 10 UI/L) | 1.13 (1.07–1.20) | δ | 1.29 (1.20–1.38) | δ | δ |
| AST > 38 UI/L | 1.48 (1.22–1.79) | δ | 3.06 (2.51–3.74) | δ | δ |
| ALT (by 10 UI/L) | 1.27 (1.21–1.33) | δ | 1.50 (1.40–1.62) | δ | δ |
| ALT > 41 UI/L | 1.89 (1.65–2.15) | δ | 4.54 (3.85–5.36) | δ | δ |
| ALT > 41 UI/L if male or >31 UI/L if female | 1.63 (1.47–1.80) | δ | 3.70 (3.24–4.23) | δ | δ |
| ALT > 30 UI/L if male or >19 UI/L if female | 1.40 (1.30–1.51) | δ | 2.78 (2.49–3.10) | δ | δ |
| Serum creatinine (by 1 mg/dL) | 1.47 (1.23–1.77) | δ | 1.93 (1.59–2.34) | δ | δ |
| eGFR (by 10 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.92 (0.90–0.93) | δ | 0.82 (0.81–0.84) | δ | δ |
| eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1.36 (1.26–1.48) | δ | 2.11 (1.95–2.27) | δ | δ |
| Albuminuria | 1.17 (1.03–1.32) | α | 1.72 (1.43–2.07) | δ | δ |
| HbA1c (by 1%) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | — | 1.18 (1.11–1.25) | δ | δ |
| HbA1c ≥ 7% (53 mmol/mol) | 1.10 (1.02–1.18) | β | 1.71 (1.56–1.89) | δ | δ |
| Total cholesterol (by 20 mg/dL) | 1.04 (1.02–1.06) | δ | 1.13 (1.11–1.14) | δ | δ |
| HDL-C (by 10 mg/dL) | 0.78 (0.76–0.80) | δ | 0.57 (0.55–0.60) | δ | δ |
| HDL-C < 40 if male or <50 mg/dL if female | 1.86 (1.73–2.00) | δ | 3.53 (3.26–3.82) | δ | δ |
| LDL-C (by 20 mg/dL) | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | δ | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) | δ | δ |
| LDL-C ≥ 100 mg/dL | 1.17 (1.08–1.27) | δ | 1.23 (1.14–1.34) | δ | β |
| Systolic blood pressure (by 20 mmHg) | 1.18 (1.13–1.22) | δ | 1.36 (1.28–1.44) | δ | δ |
| Diastolic blood pressure (by 10 mmHg) | 1.20 (1.15–1.25) | δ | 1.48 (1.40–1.56) | δ | δ |
| Systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/85 mmHg | 1.32 (1.24–1.40) | δ | 1.78 (1.66–1.91) | δ | δ |
| Pulse pressure (by 10 mmHg) | 1.04 (1.02–1.07) | δ | 1.07 (1.04–1.10) | δ | β |
| Q score (by 10) | 0.86 (0.83–0.90) | δ | 0.67 (0.64–0.70) | δ | δ |
| Retinopathy | 1.04 (0.94–1.15) | — | 1.15 (1.05–1.26) | β | α |
| Smokers | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) | — | 0.92 (0.85–1.00) | — | β |
Relative risk ratios (RRRs) with 95% confidence interval. The p values are referring to relative risk ratios for FLI 30–59 (p 1) or FLI ≥ 60 (p 2 and p 3) at multinomial logistic regression analysis correcting for gender, age, and duration of diabetes with patients with FLI < 30 (p 1 and p 2) and FLI 30–59 (p 3) as reference category.
α: p < 0.05, β: p < 0.01, δ: p < 0.001, and —: n.s.