. 2015 Jun 12;124(4):514–520. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408750

Table 3.

Associations between maternal prenatal urinary phthalate metabolite component scores and child BMI z-scores at ages 5 and 7 years.

Phthalate component score	Model 1^a			Model 2^b			Model 3^c
Phthalate component score	Girls (n = 181) β (95% CI) p-value	Boys (n = 156) β (95% CI) p-value	p-int^d	Girls (n = 127) β (95% CI) p-value	Boys (n = 113) β (95% CI) p-value	p-int^d	Girls (n = 154) β (95% CI) p-value	Boys (n = 124) β (95% CI) p-value	p-int^d
Prenatal DEHP component score	–0.10 (–0.29, 0.09) 0.30	–0.08 (–0.30, 0.13) 0.45	ND^e	–0.16 (–0.42, 0.09) 0.21	–0.06 (–0.34, 0.22) 0.66	ND^e	–0.12 (–0.31, 0.08) 0.25	0.00 (–0.24, 0.24) 0.99	ND^e
Prenatal non-DEHP component score	0.07 (–0.18, 0.31) 0.58	–0.30 (–0.50, –0.10) 0.003	0.003	0.16 (–0.17, 0.48) 0.35	–0.31 (–0.56, –0.07) 0.01	0.003	0.13 (–0.14, 0.41) 0.34	–0.30 (–0.54, –0.06) 0.01	0.001
Age 3 phthalate component score	NA	NA	NA	0.02 (–0.34, 0.37) 0.92	0.00 (–0.29, 0.29) 0.99	ND^e	NA	NA	NA
Age 5 DEHP component score	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	–0.01 (–0.20, 0.23) 0.91	–0.13 (–0.38, 0.13) 0.33	ND^e
Age 5 non-DEHP component score	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	–0.12 (–0.37, 0.14) 0.36	–0.34 (–0.58, –0.10) 0.01	ND^e
Abbreviations: DEHP, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; NA, not applicable; ND, not done. ^aGEE-based analyses were used with BMI z-score data from ages 5 and 7 years combined; the β coefficients reflect the average difference in BMI z-score per unit difference in component score. Model 1 adjusts for age (in months) at time of measurement, maternal prepregnancy obesity, birth weight, maternal race/ethnicity, maternal receipt of public assistance during pregnancy, and urinary specific gravity. The DEHP and non-DEHP component score variables are entered into the same regression model and thus the results are mutually adjusted. ^bModel 2 additionally adjusts for child age 3 urinary metabolite concentration component score. ^cModel 3 additionally adjusts for child age 5 urinary metabolite concentration DEHP and non-DEHP component scores. ^dp for interaction with sex. ^eInteraction test not performed because stratified analyses did not suggest heterogeneity of effect sizes by child sex.