Table 2.
Available data for chemicals without a toxic equivalency factor for 4,340 participants studied in the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES).
| Chemical or metabolite [units] | Matrix | Number of observations (percent < LOD)a | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cycle 1: 1999–2000 | Cycle 2: 2001–2002 | Cycle 3: 2003–2004 | ||
| Non–dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls [ng/g] | ||||
| 2,4,4’-Trichlorobiphenyl (PCB28) | S | 1,458 (98) | 0 | 1,642 (0) |
| 2,2’,3,5’-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB44) | S | 0 | 0 | 1,645 (0) |
| 2,2’,4,5’-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB49) | S | 0 | 0 | 1,632 (1) |
| 2,2’,5,5’-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB52) | S | 1,506 (99) | 892 (90) | 1,652 (0) |
| 2,3’,4,4’-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB66) | S | 1,523 (97) | 1,078 (89) | 1,653 (1) |
| 2,4,4’,5-Tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB74) | S | 1,515 (62) | 1,092 (28) | 1,653 (0) |
| 2,2’,3,4,5’-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB87) | S | 0 | 1,085 (99) | 1,653 (17) |
| 2,2’,4,4’,5-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB99) | S | 1,493 (70) | 1,077 (34) | 1,632 (0) |
| 2,2’,4,5,5’-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB101) | S | 1,522 (99) | 1,092 (96) | 1,653 (3) |
| 2,3,3’,4’,6-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB110) | S | 0 | 1,085 (99) | 1,639 (2) |
| 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB128)b | S | 1,526 (99) | 1,085 (100) | 1,651 (76) |
| 2,2’,3,4,4’,5’-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB138+158) | S | 1,521 (65) | 1,089 (5) | 1,651 (0) |
| 2,2’,3,4’,5,5’-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB146) | S | 1,514 (76) | 1,087 (48) | 1,651 (2) |
| 2,2’,3,4’,5’,6-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB149) | S | 0 | 1,092 (100) | 1,631 (5) |
| 2,2’,3,5,5’,6-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB151) | S | 0 | 1,092 (99) | 1,632 (22) |
| 2,2’,4,4’,5,5’-Hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) | S | 1,518 (60) | 1,092 (3) | 1,651 (0) |
| 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5-Heptachlorobiphenyl (PCB170) | S | 1,422 (62) | 1,089 (20) | 1,648 (3) |
| 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,5’-Heptachlorobiphenyl (PCB172) | S | 1,499 (96) | 1,066 (81) | 1,647 (36) |
| 2,2’,3,3’,4,5’,6’-Heptachlorobiphenyl (PCB177) | S | 1,482 (93) | 1,078 (80) | 1,645 (20) |
| 2,2’,3,3’,5,5’,6-Heptachlorobiphenyl (PCB178) | S | 1,523 (91) | 1,087 (77) | 1,651 (25) |
| 2,2’,3,4,4’,5,5’-Heptachlorobiphenyl (PCB180) | S | 1,517 (56) | 1,090 (9) | 1,652 (1) |
| 2,2’,3,4,4’,5’,6-Heptachlorobiphenyl (PCB183) | S | 1,522 (86) | 1,092 (65) | 1,648 (12) |
| 2,2’,3,4’,5,5’,6-Heptachlorobiphenyl (PCB187) | S | 1,520 (61) | 1,092 (29) | 1,644 (2) |
| 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’-Octachlorobiphenyl (PCB194) | S | 0 | 1,083 (33) | 1,607 (22) |
| 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,6-Octachlorobiphenyl (PCB195) | S | 0 | 1,072 (100) | 1,601 (46) |
| 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,6’-Octachlorobiphenyl (PCB196+203) | S | 0 | 1,088 (39) | 1,642 (14) |
| 2,2’,3,3’,4,5,5’,6’-Octachlorobiphenyl (PCB199) | S | 0 | 1,083 (36) | 1,627 (14) |
| 2,2’,3,3’,4,4’,5,5’,6-Nonachlorobiphenyl (PCB206) | S | 0 | 1,050 (86) | 1,631 (7) |
| Decachlorobiphenyl (PCB209) | S | 0 | 0 | 1,618 (7) |
| Organochlorines | ||||
| 1-Chloro-2-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene (o,p´-DDT) [pg/g]b | S | 1,323 (99) | 1,076 (99) | 0 |
| 1-Chloro-4-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]benzene (p,p´-DDT) [pg/g] | S | 1,332 (70) | 1,092 (60) | 0 |
| 1-Chloro-4-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene (p,p´-DDE) [pg/g] | S | 1,549 (0) | 1,090 (0) | 0 |
| Hexachlorobenzene [pg/g]b | S | 1,345 (98) | 1,077 (91) | 0 |
| 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol (2,4,5-TCP) [μg/g] | U | 0 | 0 | 1,648 (64) |
| 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol [μg/g] | U | 1,045 (16) | 1,053 (49) | 1,648 (68) |
| Pentachlorophenol [μg/g] | U | 0 | 0 | 1,536 (64) |
| Aldrin [ng/g]b | S | 0 | 1,070 (100) | 0 |
| beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane [ng/g] | S | 1,501 (36) | 1,077 (25) | 0 |
| Dieldrin [ng/g] | S | 0 | 1,021 (32) | 0 |
| Endrin [ng/g]b | S | 0 | 1,028 (100) | 0 |
| gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane [ng/g]b | S | 1,428 (97) | 1,070 (99) | 0 |
| Heptachlor epoxide [ng/g] | S | 1,265 (66) | 1,065 (37) | 0 |
| Mirex [ng/g]c | S | 1,451 (92) | 1,078 (64) | 0 |
| Oxychlordane [ng/g] | S | 1,321 (46) | 1,057 (16) | 0 |
| trans-Nonachlor [ng/g] | S | 1,527 (30) | 1,075 (9) | 0 |
| Metals | ||||
| Cadmium [μg/L] | WB | 1,564 (23) | 1,091 (26) | 1,681 (23) |
| Lead [μg/dL] | WB | 1,564 (0) | 1,091 (0) | 1,681 (0) |
| Mercury, total blood [μg/L]d | WB | 369 (7) | 276 (5) | 1,681 (8) |
| Mercury, inorganic blood [μg/L]d | WB | 369 (97) | 272 (93) | 1,656 (74) |
| Mercury, urinary [μg/g]e | U | 358 (11) | 266 (13) | 0 |
| Phenols [μg/g] | ||||
| Bisphenol A (BPA) | U | 0 | 0 | 1,648 (7) |
| Triclosan | U | 0 | 0 | 1,648 (25) |
| Benzophenone-3 | U | 0 | 0 | 1,648 (3) |
| Chloroacetanilides [μg/g] | ||||
| Acetochlor mercapturateb | U | 0 | 1,055 (98) | 0 |
| Alachlor mercapturatec | U | 1,026 (66) | 0 | 0 |
| Metolachlor mercapturateb | U | 0 | 1,067 (97) | 0 |
| Organophosphates [μg/g] | ||||
| Dimethylphosphate (DMP) | U | 0 | 0 | 1,631 (49) |
| Diethylphosphate (DEP) | U | 0 | 0 | 1,598 (47) |
| Dimethylthiophosphate (DMTP) | U | 0 | 0 | 1,631 (20) |
| Diethylthiophosphate (DETP) | U | 0 | 0 | 1,610 (48) |
| Dimethyldithiophosphate (DMDTP) | U | 0 | 0 | 1,610 (58) |
| Diethyldithiophosphate (DEDTP)b | U | 0 | 0 | 1,631 (91) |
| 3-Chloro-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-chromen-2-one/olb | U | 0 | 1,039 (97) | 0 |
| 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol | U | 1,050 (7) | 1,050 (28) | 0 |
| Diethylaminomethylpyrimidinol/oneb | U | 0 | 1,047 (95) | 0 |
| Malathion dicarboxylic acid | U | 1,023 (46) | 0 | 0 |
| para-Nitrophenol | U | 1,049 (76) | 1,038 (51) | 0 |
| Oxypyrimidine | U | 956 (68) | 1,067 (96) | 0 |
| Pyrethroids [μg/g] | ||||
| 4-Fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acidb | U | 1,024 (96) | 1,068 (100) | 0 |
| cis-3-(2,2-Dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acidb | U | 895 (100) | 1,068 (99) | 0 |
| cis-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-Cl2CA) | U | 1,029 (56) | 1,068 (66) | 0 |
| 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid | U | 1,052 (29) | 1,068 (25) | 0 |
| trans-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (trans-Cl2CA) | U | 1,042 (66) | 1,063 (75) | 0 |
| Carbamates [μg/g] | ||||
| 2-Isopropoxyphenolb | U | 1,007 (97) | 1,053 (100) | 1,556 (100) |
| Carbofuranphenolb | U | 1,049 (87) | 1,061 (100) | 1,557 (100) |
| Tobacco smoke exposure [ng/mL] | ||||
| Cotinine | S | 1,548 (37) | 1,085 (25) | 1,681 (16) |
| Other compounds [μg/g] | ||||
| Atrazine mercapturateb | U | 1,000 (95) | 1,042 (99) | 0 |
| 2,4-Dichlorophenol | U | 0 | 0 | 1,648 (16) |
| N,N-Diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) | U | 1,036 (84) | 1,067 (88) | 0 |
| ortho-Phenylphenol | U | 0 | 0 | 1,648 (45) |
| 2,5-Dichlorophenol | U | 0 | 0 | 1,648 (1) |
| 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid | U | 1,041 (46) | 1,022 (74) | 0 |
| 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acidb | U | 969 (96) | 1,067 (100) | 0 |
| Abbreviations: ANA, antinuclear antibodies; LOD, limit of detection; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl; S, serum; U, urine; WB, whole blood. aThe percent below the LOD can vary over time because it is a function of the concentration distribution, the volume of sample available for analysis, and the analytic method used to evaluate the sample. bFor survey years 1999–2004 combined, the overall proportion below the LOD was ≥ 90%. c< 6 nulliparous female participants were ANA positive and had a detectable concentration. dNo data were available for males in survey years 1999–2002. eNo data were available for females in survey years 2003–2004 or for males in any survey years. | ||||