Table 2.
Characteristics between different glucose control groups in newly diagnosed diabetes
| HbA1c <7 % (n = 84) | HbA1c ≥ 7 % (n = 75) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HbA1c% | 6.07 ± 0.52 | 8.40 ± 1.38 | 0.000** |
| Ages, years | 58.0 ± 9.8 | 57.6 ± 11.1 | 0.767 |
| Sex (female), n(%) | 52 (61.90) | 46 (61.33) | 0.879 |
| Current/Former smoking, n(%) | 5 (5.95) | 3 (4.00) | 0.638 |
| Alcohol, n(%) | 11(13.09) | 10(13.33) | 0.815 |
| Regular exercise, n(%) | 56(66.67) | 48(64.00) | 0.807 |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | 25.92 ± 3.68 | 26.29 ± 3.94 | 0.500 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 86.93 ± 7.59 | 89.96 ± 10.89 | 0.023* |
| Hip circumference, cm | 93.54 ± 10.57 | 96.63 ± 11.75 | 0.052 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 131.47 ± 20.16 | 131.65 ± 18.36 | 0.948 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 76.08 ± 10.15 | 76.77 ± 10.49 | 0.635 |
| Log(TL) | 1.93 ± 0.25 | 1.82 ± 0.29 | 0.022* |
| Log(8-oxo-dG, pg/ml) | 5.21 ± 1.02 | 5.40 ± 1.06 | 0.207 |
| SOD, U/ml | 60.03 ± 14.46 | 57.52 ± 10.01 | 0.182 |
| GR, U/L | 6.40 ± 3.21 | 6.27 ± 2.65 | 0.774 |
| Log(TNF-ɑ, fmol/ml) | 3.46 ± 0.62 | 4.33 ± 0.64 | 0.031* |
| Log(IL-6, pg/ml) | 1.63 ± 0.83 | 1.86 ± 0.91 | 0.568 |
| Daily energy intake, kcal | 1441.86 ± 631.64 | 1554.24 ± 556.51 | 0.340 |
| Daily protein intake, g | 45.68 ± 19.84 | 50.59 ± 24.09 | 0.138 |
| Daily fat intake, g | 45.83 ± 13.06 | 46.42 ± 18.23 | 0.908 |
| Daily carbohydrate intake, g | 252.55 ± 121.06 | 257.36 ± 123.41 | 0.794 |
| Protein % of energy intake | 10.74 ± 5.44 | 9.72 ± 7.25 | 0.256 |
| Fat % of energy intake,% | 23.14 ± 8.99 | 22.26 ± 9.80 | 0.515 |
| Carbohydrate % of energy intake | 66.12 ± 15.74 | 68.02 ± 26.84 | 0.062 |
| Daily cereal and cereal production intake, g | 281.24 ± 37.10 | 288.56 ± 38.68 | 0.718 |
| Daily tuber crop intake, g | 19.72 ± 12.63 | 23.14 ± 10.18 | 0.470 |
| Daily legumes product intake, g | 64.00 ± 10.92 | 86.67 ± 11.88 | 0.187 |
| Daily meat intake, g | 70.50 ± 16.69 | 125.71 ± 12.37 | 0.212 |
| Daily dairy products intake, g | 258.71 ± 31.83 | 246.88 ± 35.93 | 0.950 |
| Seeds or nuts, g | 45.83 ± 21.31 | 50.79 ± 14.25 | 0.784 |
| Vegetables, g | 106.50 ± 87.03 | 188.67 ± 97.91 | 0.518 |
| Fruits, g/day | 123.17 ± 36.52 | 126.25 ± 31.97 | 0.636 |
| Fish and other seafood, g/day | 43.75 ± 16.05 | 58.33 ± 34.16 | 0.381 |
| Seaweed, g/day | 63.08 ± 18.51 | 58.50 ± 15.69 | 0.686 |
| Sweetened carbonated beverage, ml/day | 150.00 ± 80.00 | 225.00 ± 35.35 | 0.003** |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01