Fig. 2.

Frontal plane joint angles. The mean of individual time-normalized angles in the frontal plane for male and female subjects with and without knee OA during stance phase and swing phase. All angles are measured in terms of the distal segment relative to the proximal segment. a Ankle inversion and eversion, b knee adduction and abduction, c hip adduction and abduction, and d pelvis rotation to the same side and the opposite side of the subject’s stance leg