Table 1.

Gender Differences: Baseline Characteristics (adult primary intracorporeal LVADs, n = 1936)

	Pre-Implant
Demographics	Male N= 1535	Female N= 401	p-value
White, n (%)	71%	59%	<0.0001
Hispanic, n (%)	7%	6%	0.57
Age (yrs), mean (std dev)	54.1 (12.2)	50.9 (12.8)	<0.0001
Married, n (%)	67%	47%	<0.0001
BMI^* (kg per meter²), mean (std dev)	28.7 (6.6)	29.0 (7.4)	0.46
BSA^† (m2), mean (std dev)	2.14 (0.30)	1.91 (0.28)	<0.0001
Clinical
Diabetes, n (%)	39%	35%	0.14
Inotropes, n (%)	83%	85%	0.30
Pre-COPD, n (%)	13%	11%	0.37
INTERMACS Patient Profile Level 1: Critical Cardiogenic Shock, n (%)	19%	26%	0.01
INTERMACS Patient Profile Level 2: Progressive Decline, n (%)	45%	43%	0.45
Bridge to Transplant: Listed, n (%)	43%	48%	0.09
Bridge to Transplant: Likely to be listed, n (%)	30%	27%	0.36
Bridge to Transplant: Moderately likely to belisted, n (%)	10%	9%	0.48
Bridge to Transplant: Unlikely to be listed, n (%)	4%	5%	0.22
Destination Therapy, n (%)	11%	7%	0.01
NYHA^‡ = 4, n (%)	80%	82%	0.29
Diagnosis CAD^§, n (%)	10%	8%	0.24
CVA^§, n (%)	7%	8%	0.68
TIA^∥, n (%)	4%	3%	0.29
Cancer, n (%)	5%	12%	<0.0001
Current Smoker, n (%)	13%	13%	0.90
Current Drug Abuse, n (%)	3%	1%	0.15
Alcohol Abuse, n (%)	19%	8%	<0.0001
Blood Type O, n (%)	50%	51%	0.74
Rheumatologic Disease, n (%)	3%	5%	0.16
Hepatitis B, n (%)	2%	2%	0.75
Hepatitis C, n (%)	2%	2%	0.45
Dialysis, n (%)	3%	2%	0.42
History of CABG^**, n (%)	22%	11%	<0.0001
History of Valve Surgery, n (%)	6%	9%	0.10
ICD^††, n (%)	78%	76%	0.37
IABP^‡‡, n (%)	34%	35%	0.90
Ventilator, n (%)	11%	12%	0.33
Peripheral vascular disease, n (%)	7%	4%	0.11
Carotid artery disease, n (%)	10%	9%	0.36
B-Blockers, n (%)	76%	70%	0.03
ACE Inhibitors^§§, n (%)	54%	52%	0.34
Laboratory
Sodium (mmol/L), mean (std dev)	134.2 (5.2)	134.8 (5.0)	0.04
Creatinine (mg/dL), mean (std dev)	1.55 (0.87)	1.26 (0.67)	<0.0001
BUN ∥ ∥ (mg/dL), mean (std dev)	32.2 (20.6)	25.7 (15.3)	<0.0001
Total bilirubin (mg/dL), mean (std dev)	1.55 (1.66)	1.28 (1.31)	0.005
Cholesterol (mg/dL), mean (std dev)	124 (42.5)	131.3 (41.6)	0.05
INR ^## (international units), mean (std dev)	1.38 (0.5)	1.3 (0.4)	0.01
Hemoglobin (mg/dL), mean (std dev)	11.4 (2.0)	10.5 (1.7)	<0.0001
Platelet (K/uL), mean (std dev)	202 (97)	217 (97)	0.002
Protein C (%), mean (std dev)	89 (34)	84 (39)	0.64
Protein S (%), mean (std dev)	84 (35)	81 (29)	0.77
CRP^*** (mg/L), median (IQR^†††)	6.0 (1.4-18.1)	4.7 (2.0-17.6)	0.47
BNP ^‡‡‡ (pg/ml), mean (std dev)	1244 (1093)	1311 (1186)	0.48
SGOT/AST (u/L), median (IQR)	32 (23-53)	31 (21-46)	0.13
SGPT/ALT (u/L), median (IQR)	34 (21-63)	28 (18-45)	<0.0001
WBC ^§§§ (K/uL), mean (std dev)	9.06 (3.8)	8.87 (3.93)	0.39
Hemodynamics
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (std dev)	101 (16)	100 (17)	0.33
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg), mean (std dev)	62 (12)	61 (12)	0.06
Mitral Regurg (Moderate/Severe), n (%)	58%	63%	0.17
Tricuspid Regurg (Moderate/Severe), n (%)	44%	54%	0.004
Aortic Regurg (Moderate/Severe), n (%)	6%	3%	0.05
Operative
Concommitant surgery, n (%)	37%	34%	0.38
∥ ∥ ∥ LV Continuous Flow device, n (%)	74%	81%	0.01
Failure to wean, n (%)	1%	2%	0.30
Implant after cardiac surgery, n (%)	2%	3%	0.56

BMI=body mass index;

^†

BSA=body surface area;

^‡

NYHA=New York Heart Association;

^§

CAD=coronary artery disease;

^∥

CVA=cerebral vascular accident;

TIA=transient ischemic attack;

^**

CABG= coronary artery bypass grafts;

^††

ICD=implantable cardioverter defibrillator;

^‡‡

IABP=intra-aortic balloon pump;

^§§

ACE inhibitors=angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors;

^{∥ ∥}

BUN=blood urea nitrogen;

^##

INR=international normalized ratio;

^***

CRP=c-reactive protein;

^†††

IQR=interquartile range;

^‡‡‡

BNP= brain natriuretic peptide;

^§§§

WBC=white blood cell count;

^{∥ ∥ ∥}

LV=left ventricular