Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 13.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2015 Sep 29;25:13–22. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.09.003

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Neuroimmune interactions involving the intestinal microbiota, epithelium and immune system, enteric, afferent (vagal and spinal), cerebral and autonomic (parasympathetic and sympathetic) neurons, as well as circulating microbial metabolites, gut hormones, cytokines, adrenaline and cortisol/corticosterone.