Table 2.

Evaluation of implementation of AMES–AES^b surveillance targeting Japanese encephalitis and bacterial meningitis in Bangladesh (BNG), China (CHN) and India (IND), using four qualitative indicators.

Indicator	Component	JE surveillance				Bacterial meningitis surveillancea
		Max scoreb	BNG	CHN	IND	Max score	BNG	CHN
1. Training	Content based on technical protocol	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Target audience relevantc	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Timing appropriated	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
	Total	3	3	3	3	3	3	3
2. Availability of laboratory resources	Appropriate equipment in placee	2	2	2	2	2	1	1
	Appropriate reagents in placee	2	1	2	1	2	1	1
	Total	4	3	4	3	4	2	2
3. Data standardization	Electronic data managementf	2	1	1	2	2	1	1
	Surveillance, laboratory data linkableg	2	2	2	1	2	2	2
	Total	4	3	3	3	4	3	3
4. Effectiveness of building on polio–measles (PM) networks	Surveillance protocols, tools adaptedh	2	1	1	1	2	1	1
	PM district staff oversaw sentinel sites	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
	PM national staff oversee surveillance	2	2	2	1	2	2	2
	PM regional bulletins adapted	1	1	0	1	1	0	0
	Laboratory protocols, tools adaptedi	2	2	2	2	2	0	0
	PM laboratory staff utilized	2	2	2	1	2	0	0
	PM regional staff oversaw laboratory	2	2	2	2	2	0	0
	Total	13	12	11	10	13	5	5
	Total	24	21	21	19	24	13	13

AMES–AES, acute meningitis-encephalitis syndrome/acute encephalitis syndrome.

^aIndia did not conduct surveillance for bacterial meningitis.

^bComponents that could be answered in a “yes/no” fashion, were each worth 1 point (e.g., all components for training and one component of effectiveness of building on polio–measles networks); components that could be measured for each year of surveillance, were each worth 2 points (e.g., components for availability of laboratory resources, data standardization and other components for effectiveness of building on polio–measles networks).

^cSurveillance, laboratory and clinical staff at all levels.

^dIntroductory training prior to launch and refresher training as needed.

^eFor encephalitis surveillance, equipment and reagents to perform JE IgM ELISA at all laboratories; for meningitis surveillance, equipment and reagents to perform Gram stain and bacterial culture at sentinel site laboratories, and to perform real-time PCR at secondary laboratories in all three countries and tertiary laboratories in China.

^fElectronic data base used for local database for surveillance (1 point) and laboratory (1 point) data.

^gNational level surveillance data easily linked with laboratory data.

^hProtocols and tools for case investigation, line listing, reporting, monitoring, data management and feedback.

ⁱProtocols and tools for specimen transport, laboratory reporting, monitoring and data management.