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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 13.
Published in final edited form as: Vaccine. 2015 Jan 15;33(9):1168–1175. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.004

Table 3.

Evaluation of AMES–AESa surveillance performance in Bangladesh (BNG), China (CHN), and India (IND).

Indicator Componenta Max scoreb BNGc CHNd INDb
1. Data completeness ≥90% cases with age   2   2   2   2
>90% cases with gender   2   0   2   2
≥90% cases with discharge status   2   0   2   0
≥90% cases with immunization history   2   1   2   2
≥90% cases with laboratory results for either JEe or BMf   2   1   1   1
Total 10   4   9   7
2. Data validity ≥90% concordance by retesting serumg   1   1   1   1
≥90% concordance by PT, serumh   1   0   1   0
Total   2   1   2   1
3. Timeliness ≥80% cases were reported on timei   2   2   0   0
≥80% cases were investigated on timej   2   2   2   2
≥80% sentinel sites reported on timek   2   2   2   2
Total   6   6   4   4
4. Specimen collection ≥80% cases with any specimen collectedl   2   2   2   2
≥80% cases with blood collected   2   1   2   0
≥80% cases with CSF collected   2   0   0   1
Total   6   3   4   3
5. Specimen referral to secondary labm ≥80% cases with any specimen referred   2   2   2   1
≥80% cases with serum referred   2   1   0   0
≥80% cases with CSF referred   2   0   0   0
Total 6 3 2 1
6. Specimen referral to tertiary labn ≥80% cases with any specimen referred   2   1   0   1
≥80% cases with serum referred   2   1   0   0
≥80% cases with CSF referred   2   0   0   0
Total   6   2   0   1
Total 36 19 21 17

AMES–AES, acute meningitis-encephalitis syndrome/acute encephalitis syndrome; JE, Japanese encephalitis; BM, bacterial meningitis; NA, not applicable; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; PT, proficiency testing; ND, no or insufficient data for scoring.

a

For calculating percentages, the following denominators were used: 867 for Bangladesh, 2815 for China, and 1637 for India.

b

For all indicators with the exception of data validity, each component was worth 2 points; 1 point was awarded for having achieved the target for each year of surveillance. Each component for data validity was worth 1 point because only aggregate data were available.

c

Bangladesh and India results from analysis of national data set; 2007 data include cases with hospital admission from launch through December 2007; 2008 data include cases with hospital admission from January through December 2008.

d

2007 China data from Annual Report December 2007, which includes cases with hospital admission from launch through October 2007; 2008 data from Annual Report December 2008, which includes cases with hospital admission from launch through September 2008.

e

Laboratory results for JE IgM ELISA.

f

Laboratory results for Gram stain, latex agglutination, bacterial culture or real-time PCR for Nm, Hib, and Sp.

g

Based on the retesting of positive specimens (China) or of positive and negative specimens (India and Bangladesh) by tertiary laboratories.

h

Based on results of testing serum samples provided in a proficiency testing panel.

i

Each country was evaluated against the country protocol. The protocol in China specified case reporting ≤24 h after admission, while those in India and Bangladesh specified notification ≤48 h after admission.

j

Protocols in all three countries specified case investigation ≤48 h after notification of case.

k

Protocols in all three countries specify weekly reporting from sentinel sites.

l

Serum or CSF.

m

Secondary laboratories in China were prefecture Chinese CDC laboratories; in India, the National Institute of Mental Health and Neurological Sciences, Bangalore; and in Bangladesh, the Institute of Public Health, Dhaka.

n

The National Chinese CDC Laboratories in Beijing served as the Tertiary Laboratory in China, and the Laboratories of USCDC served as Tertiary Laboratories for India and Bangladesh.