Table 3. Association of participation in organized leisure-time activities (clusters of activity pattern) with education-related outcomes: odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for active vs. inactive adolescents (inactive cluster is the reference category).
| High school engagement | Low school-related stress | Above-average academic achievement | School support outside family | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (a lot/a bit) | (not at all/little) | (good/very good) | (peer and/or adult) | |
| Model 1 (univariable) | ||||
| All-rounders | 1.65 (1.46–1.87)*** | 1.23 (1.09–1.39)** | 1.94 (1.73–2.17)*** | 1.55 (1.27–1.90)*** |
| Artists | 1.96 (1.70–2.26)*** | 1.37 (1.20–1.57)*** | 2.08 (1.83–2.37)*** | 1.62 (1.30–2.02)*** |
| Individual sports | 1.56 (1.34–1.81)*** | 1.12 (0.96–1.29) | 1.70 (1.48–1.95)*** | 1.21 (0.96–1.54) |
| Team sports | 1.33 (1.16–1.52)*** | 1.29 (1.13–1.78)*** | 1.47 (1.29–1.66)*** | 0.82 (0.66–1.03) |
| Model 2 (adjusted for gender and age) | ||||
| All-rounders | 1.53 (1.35–1.73)*** | 1.15 (1.02–1.30)* | 1.93 (1.72–2.17)*** | 1.66 (1.35–2.04)*** |
| Artists | 1.71 (1.48–1.98)*** | 1.34 (1.17–1.54)*** | 1.97 (1.73–2.25)*** | 1.50 (1.20–1.88)*** |
| Individual sports | 1.57 (1.34–1.82)*** | 1.09 (0.94–1.27) | 1.73 (1.50–1.99)*** | 1.31 (1.03–1.67)* |
| Team sports | 1.42 (1.24–1.63)*** | 1.23 (1.07–1.42)** | 1.56 (1.37–1.78)*** | 0.99 (0.79–1.25) |
* p < 0.05,
** p < 0.01,
*** p < 0.001;
the item on school support outside family was present only in one questionnaire version for 13-year-olds and one version for 15-year-olds (n = 3,374).