Table 2.
Clinical assessments of patients.
| AF (n = 45) | SR (n = 32) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 51.20 ± 6.33 | 50.06 ± 9.26 | 0.524 |
| Sex (male, %) | 24 (53.33%) | 18 (56.25%) | 0.800 |
| Cigarette smoking | 9 (20.00%) | 7 (21.88%) | 0.842 |
| Alcohol drinking | 13 (28.89%) | 11 (34.38%) | 0.609 |
| Diseases | |||
| MS | 14 (31.11%) | 10 (31.25%) | 0.505 |
| MR | 22 (48.89%) | 18 (56.25%) | |
| MS + MR | 6 (13.33%) | 4 (12.50%) | |
| MS + MR + AS/AR | 3 (6.67%) | 0 | |
| Physical examination | |||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 120.22 ± 8.40 | 123.31 ± 12.62 | 0.201 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 75.98 ± 8.01 | 73.06 ± 10.54 | 0.172 |
| Rest heart rates (bpm) | 81.13 ± 14.74 | 74.03 ± 8.91 | 0.011 |
| Cardiac function | |||
| NYHA class II | 11 (24.44%) | 17 (53.13%) | 0.019 |
| NYHA class III | 34 (75.56%) | 15 (46.87%) | |
| Medications | |||
| ACEI (%) | 8 (19.03%) | 3 (9.38%) | 0.345 |
| β-blockers (%) | 18 (40.00%) | 4 (12.50%) | 0.011 |
| Digoxin (%) | 25 (55.56%) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Diuretics (%) | 45 (100%) | 18 (58.25%) | <0.001 |
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; AF, atrial fibrillation; AR, aortic regurgitation; AS, aortic stenosis; BP, blood pressure; bpm, beats per minute; MR, mitral regurgitation; MS, mitral stenosis; NYHA, New York Heart Association; SR, sinus rhythm.