Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of all patients mechanically ventilated for non-infectious reasons
| Total (N = 138) | VAP (N = 35) | No infection (N = 70) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, N (%) | 93 (67.4 %) | 26 (74.3 %) | 41 (58.6 %) | 0.116 |
| Age (years) | 59.8 ± 18.4 | 57.9 ± 16.2 | 60.6 ± 20.5 | 0.501 |
| SAPS II | 49.1 ± 18.4 | 52.6 ± 18.3 | 49.8 ± 19.0 | 0.479 |
| SOFA | 7.2 ± 3.0 | 8.1 ± 2.9 | 6.8 ± 2.9 | 0.045 |
| CPIS | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 2.7 ± 2.0 | 2.7 ± 1.9 | 0.971 |
| Cause of admission, N (%) | 0.581 | |||
| Medical | 96 (69.6 %) | 25 (71.4 %) | 50 (71.4 %) | |
| Trauma | 2 (1.4 %) | 8 (22.9 %) | 11 (15.7 %) | |
| Elective surgery | 27 (19.6 %) | 0 | 1 (1.4 %) | |
| Emergency surgery | 13 (9.4 %) | 2 (5.7 %) | 8 (11.4 %) | |
| Comorbidities, N (%) | ||||
| COPD | 19 (13.8 %) | 7 (20.0 %) | 6 (8.6 %) | 0.119 |
| Steroids | 1 (0.7 %) | 1 (1.4 %) | ||
| Diabetes | 19 (13.8 %) | 3 (8.6 %) | 12 (17.1 %) | 0.375 |
| Immunosuppression | 3 (2.2 %) | 1 (1.4 %) | ||
| CHF | 23 (16.7 %) | 3 (8.6 %) | 14 (20.0 %) | 0.167 |
| CLD | 1 (0.7 %) | 1 (2.9 %) | ||
| CRF | 9 (6.5 %) | 3 (8.6 %) | 6 (8.6 %) | 1.0 |
| HIV | 3 (2.2 %) | 1 (2.9 %) | 2 (2.9 %) | 1.0 |
| Admission diagnosis, N (%) | 0.501 | |||
| CVA | 16 | 6 | 10 | |
| AECB | 6 | 2 | 4 | |
| Decompensated CHF | 17 | 5 | 12 | |
| TBI | 19 | 10 | 9 | |
| Others | 28 | 14 | 14 | |
| Reason of MV, N (%) | 0.1 | |||
| Respiratory failure | 40 (29.0 %) | 8 (22.9 %) | 23 (32.9 %) | |
| Shock | 17 (12.3 %) | 8 (22.9 %) | 5 (7.1 %) | |
| Coma | 76 (55.1 %) | 17 (48.6 %) | 40 (51.7 %) | |
| Other | 5 (3.6 %) | 2 (5.7 %) | 2 (2.9 %) | |
| Tidal volume (mL) | 458 [146] | 488 [97] | 442 [160] | 0.21 |
| Plateau pressure (cmH2O) | 19 [7] | 21 [9] | 19 [6] | 0.213 |
| PEEP | 5 [2] | 5 [3] | 5 [2] | 0.686 |
| PaO2/FiO2 | 245 [172] | 245 [122] | 224 [213] | 0.828 |
| CPR (mg/dL) | 6.00 [8.62] | 4.33 [6.20] | 8.40 [9.39] | 0.003 |
| PCT (μg/L) | 0.40 [1.76] | 0.94 [2.37] | 0.34 [1.48] | 0.167 |
| MR-proADM (nmol/L) | 1.85 [2.64] | 1.70 [2.87] | 1.91 [2.82] | 0.470 |
| WCC (×103/mm3) | 12.46 ± 4.55 | 12.58 ± 4.92 | 11.85 ± 4.54 | 0.456 |
| Temperature (°C) | 36.7 ± 1.3 | 36.9 ± 1.3 | 36.4 ± 1.3 | 0.126 |
| Nosocomial infectiona | 68 (49.3 %) | |||
| VAP | 35 (25.4 %) | |||
| VAT | 14 (10.1 %) | |||
| CVC bacteremia | 2 (1.4 %) | |||
| UTI | 6 (4.3 %) | |||
| Surgical infection | 5 (3.6 %) | |||
| Other | 6 (4.3 %) | |||
| Duration of MV (days) | 7.5 [9.8] | 14.0 [8.0] | 5.0 [5.5] | <0.001 |
| LOS ICU (days) | 12.0 [12.0] | 18.0 [12.0] | 10.0 [8.5] | <0.001 |
| LOS hospital (days) | 25.0 [30.3] | 27.0 [31.5] | 24.0 [30.5] | 0.55 |
| Mortality D28, N (%) | 16 (18.6) | 15 (40.5) | 1 (2) | <0.001 |
| Mortality D90, N (%) | 20 (23.3) | 15 (40.5) | 5 (10.2) | 0.004 |
AECB acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, CHF chronic heart failure, CVA cerebrovascular accident, CLD chronic liver disease, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, simplified CPIS Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score, CRF chronic renal failure, CRP C-reactive protein, CVC central venous catheter, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, ICU intensive care unit, LOS length of stay, MV mechanical ventilation, MR-proADM mid-region fragment of pro-adrenomedullin, PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio of partial pressure of arterial O2 to the fraction of inspired O2, PCT procalcitonin, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, SAPS Simplified Acute Physiology Score, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, TBI traumatic brain injury, UTI urinary tract infection, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, VAT ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis, WCC white cell count