Table 2.
Fifteen biomarker set with odds ratio.
| Domain name and number | ROC set No. | ROC variables | No. Obs | AUC | SENS | SPEC | PPV | NPV | % Risk of rejecting Ho | ROC P value | Odds ratio+ | Odds ratio P value | Accuracy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Visual | 1 | Low visual span | 126 | 0.862 | 0.831 | 0.821 | 0.021 | 0.999 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 22.46 | <0.0001 | 0.8254 |
| 2 | High visual speed of processing discrepancy (% of age) | 122 | 0.875 | 0.909 | 0.731 | 0.015 | 0.999 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 27.22 | <0.0001 | 0.8115 | |
| 3 | Poor distance vision on right | 128 | 0.597 | 0.475 | 0.851 | 0.014 | 0.997 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 5.17 | 0.0001 | 0.6719 | |
| 2. Auditory | 4 | Low reverse digit span | 127 | 0.810 | 0.900 | 0.552 | 0.009 | 0.999 | 0.02 | 0.000 | 11.1 | <0.0001 | 0.8707 |
| 5 | High competing words discrepancy (% of pass score) (represents dichotic listening disorder) | 124 | 0.799 | 0.759 | 0.773 | 0.015 | 0.999 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 10.69 | <0.0001 | 0.8362 | |
| 6 | High auditory speed of processing discrepancy (% of age) | 121 | 0.874 | 0.745 | 0.879 | 0.027 | 0.999 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 21.23 | <0.0001 | 0.6810 | |
| 3. Catecholamine | 7 | High dopamine | 133 | 0.702 | 0.379 | 0.940 | 0.028 | 0.997 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 9.60 | <0.0001 | 0.6617 |
| 8 | High noradrenaline | 133 | 0.851 | 0.742 | 0.881 | 0.027 | 0.999 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 21.25 | <0.0001 | 0.8120 | |
| 9 | High adrenaline | 133 | 0.844 | 0.758 | 0.821 | 0.019 | 0.999 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 14.32 | <0.0001 | 0.7895 | |
| 4. Oxidative stress | 10 | High (HPL/creatinine)a (oxidative stress domain) | 133 | 0.696 | 0.697 | 0.642 | 0.009 | 0.998 | 0.01 | <0.0001 | 4.12 | <0.0001 | 0.6692 |
| 5. Biochemistry–nutrition | 11 | High free copper to zinc ratio | 133 | 0.611 | 0.470 | 0.746 | 0.008 | 0.997 | 2.19 | 0.022 | 2.60 | 0.0104 | 0.6090 |
| 12 | Low B6 activation | 129 | 0.638 | 0.800 | 0.484 | 0.008 | 0.997 | 0.17 | 0.002 | 3.75 | 0.0009 | 0.6434 | |
| 13 | Low red cell folate | 133 | 0.654 | 0.591 | 0.716 | 0.009 | 0.997 | 0.10 | 0.001 | 3.64 | 0.0005 | 0.6541 | |
| 14 | High serum B12 (80% CI) | 134 | 0.565 | 0.373 | 0.761 | 0.007 | 0.996 | 18.56 | 0.186 | 1.89 | 0.0933 | 0.5672 | |
| 15 | Low vitamin D | 132 | 0.651 | 0.462 | 0.791 | 0.010 | 0.997 | 0.12 | 0.001 | 3.24 | 0.0026 | 0.6288 |
Fifteeen biomarkers in five for schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. All values reported at 95% confidence interval unless otherwise stated.
ROC, receiver operating curve; No Obs, number of observations; AUC, area under receiver operating curve (ideally >0.6); SENS, sensitivity; SPEC, specificity; pre-adjusted odds ratio + prior to division by 3, P value for odds ratio at 95% confidence interval; % RR-Ho, percentage risk ratio for null hypothesis (ideally <0.10), HPL, urinary hydroxyhemopyrroline-2-one.
aCatecholamines did not require imputation.