Table 5. Trends in infant mortality rate of selective causes of Shenyang by urban and rural area during 1997–2014.

Selective cause of death	Urban areas							Rural areas
	1997		2014		PC† (%)	APC† (%)	95% CI	1997		2014		PC† (%)	APC† (%)	95% CI
	Case	Rate*	Case	Rate*				Case	Rate*	Case	Rate*
Pneumonia	20	0.67	18	0.30	−55.71	−5.73	−9.07, −2.27	21	1.13	6	0.32	−71.76	−4.50	−7.29, −1.62
Congenital heart disease	43	1.43	14	0.23	−83.98	−8.61	−11.28, −5.85	28	1.50	18	0.96	−36.46	−1.00	−3.28, 1.34
Neural tube defects	14	0.47	0	0.00	−100.00	−15.04	−19.77, −10.04	8	0.43	2	0.11	−75.29	−15.04	−20.28, −9.46
Preterm birth and low birth weight	31	1.03	46	0.75	−26.97	−2.18	−4.43, 0.13	46	2.47	27	1.43	−41.99	−1.59	−3.65, 0.52
Birth asphyxia	47	1.57	11	0.18	−88.48	−11.22	−12.90, −9.51	42	2.26	9	0.48	−78.82	−10.42	−12.48, −8.30
Intracranial hemorrhage of the newborn	14	0.47	2	0.03	−92.97	−10.68	−14.74. −6.81	14	0.75	2	0.11	−85.88	−10.15	−13.33, −6.85

PC, percent change; APC, annual percent change; CI, confidence interval.

^*Infant mortality rates were expressed as per 1000 live births.

^†Percent change and annual percent change between 1997 and 2014 was calculated by the infant mortality rate.