Figure 8. The metabolic pathways hosted in the identified interactive metabolome included 17 metabolites in human urine (utilized metabolome) that were significantly decreased by the UPEC treatment and 14 metabolites in human urine (Excreted metabolome) that were markedly enhanced by the UPEC treatment.

Of the 31 different metabolites, 17 primarily affected metabolic pathways, including those involving amino acid metabolism, energetic metabolism, gut microbe metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, purine metabolism, and carbon metabolism.