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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: CNS Spectr. 2015 Oct 26;20(6):537–545. doi: 10.1017/S1092852915000668

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Incentive salience in eating behaviour has been operationalized in the context of both Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning through the use of:

A) Specific Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer, which consists of three phases: 1, a Pavlovian association between cue-food; 2, an association between instrumental response-food; 3, the instrumental response in the presence of the cue.

B) Second-Order Schedule of Reinforcement, which consists of two temporarily distinct phases: 1, during the first interval, each 10th active lever press (ALP) is associated with a brief 1-sec CS presentation; 2, during the interval(s) following the first one, the 10th active lever press is associated with a 20-sec CS and food delivery.

C) Anticipatory Negative Contrast, which develops in a procedure consisting of: 1, two-hour food deprivation; 2, 10-min brief access to a standard chow diet; 3, 10-min brief access to a highly palatable food.