Characterization of fibronectin transfer and culture properties in isotropic and anisotropic NRVM monolayers. Fibronectin immunostaining (left column), merged cTnI and DAPI (middle column), and merged actin and Cx43 (right column) images of isotropic (A–C), linear (D–F), concentric (G–I), and starburst (J–L) patterned cultures reveal similar cellular morphology, myocyte composition, and levels of Cx43 expression. The linear, concentric, and starburst patterns were constructed by designing microcontact printing masks. Scale bar = 50 μm.