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. 2016 Apr 14;16:149. doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-1485-3

Table 3.

Odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for risk factors of nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus or Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) among 614 children in Shanghai, 2009

Pneumococcal carriage P-valuea Hib carriage P-valuea
Spring vs autumn 0.46 (0.27, 0.78) 0.0044 0.78 (0.37, 1.64) 0.5166
Age of child 0.4703 0.9533
 12 months 1.46 (0.69, 3.09) 0.95 (0.34, 2.65)
 13–14 months 1.34 (0.64, 2.84) 1.08 (0.39, 2.94)
 15–16 months 0.94 (0.42, 2.09) 1.21 (0.43, 3.40)
 17–18 months ref ref
Local vs non-local residency 0.30 (0.13, 0.69) 0.0048 0.45 (0.09, 2.32) 0.3388
Urbanicity 0.1773 0.1067
 Urban 0.66 (0.34, 1.25) 0.43 (0.19, 0.97)
 Suburban 1.06 (0.46, 2.44) 0.63 (0.21, 1.85)
 Rural ref ref
Father’s education 0.4037 0.4163
 Primary school or less 0.79 (0.21, 2.90) 8.53 (0.70, 103.52)
 Junior high 1.10 (0.52, 2.34) 5.61 (0.60, 52.28)
 High school/vocational 0.66 (0.29, 1.52) 5.29 (0.58, 48.43)
 College or more ref ref
Household income 0.5869
 <2000 yuan 2.21 (0.48, 10.18)
 2000–4999 yuan 2.19 (0.47, 10.18)
 ≥5000 yuan ref
Size of house 0.1010
 <18 m2 2.06 (0.67, 6.32)
 18–29 m2 2.96 (0.99, 8.85)
 30–69 m2 1.17 (0.35, 3.88)
 ≥70 m2 ref
≥1 dose Hib vaccine vs no doses 0.55 (0.24, 1.27) 0.1607

a P-value from Wald Chi-square test of Type 3 Analysis