Table 3.
Odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for risk factors of nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus or Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) among 614 children in Shanghai, 2009
| Pneumococcal carriage | P-valuea | Hib carriage | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spring vs autumn | 0.46 (0.27, 0.78) | 0.0044 | 0.78 (0.37, 1.64) | 0.5166 |
| Age of child | 0.4703 | 0.9533 | ||
| 12 months | 1.46 (0.69, 3.09) | 0.95 (0.34, 2.65) | ||
| 13–14 months | 1.34 (0.64, 2.84) | 1.08 (0.39, 2.94) | ||
| 15–16 months | 0.94 (0.42, 2.09) | 1.21 (0.43, 3.40) | ||
| 17–18 months | ref | ref | ||
| Local vs non-local residency | 0.30 (0.13, 0.69) | 0.0048 | 0.45 (0.09, 2.32) | 0.3388 |
| Urbanicity | 0.1773 | 0.1067 | ||
| Urban | 0.66 (0.34, 1.25) | 0.43 (0.19, 0.97) | ||
| Suburban | 1.06 (0.46, 2.44) | 0.63 (0.21, 1.85) | ||
| Rural | ref | ref | ||
| Father’s education | 0.4037 | 0.4163 | ||
| Primary school or less | 0.79 (0.21, 2.90) | 8.53 (0.70, 103.52) | ||
| Junior high | 1.10 (0.52, 2.34) | 5.61 (0.60, 52.28) | ||
| High school/vocational | 0.66 (0.29, 1.52) | 5.29 (0.58, 48.43) | ||
| College or more | ref | ref | ||
| Household income | 0.5869 | |||
| <2000 yuan | 2.21 (0.48, 10.18) | |||
| 2000–4999 yuan | 2.19 (0.47, 10.18) | |||
| ≥5000 yuan | ref | |||
| Size of house | 0.1010 | |||
| <18 m2 | 2.06 (0.67, 6.32) | |||
| 18–29 m2 | 2.96 (0.99, 8.85) | |||
| 30–69 m2 | 1.17 (0.35, 3.88) | |||
| ≥70 m2 | ref | |||
| ≥1 dose Hib vaccine vs no doses | 0.55 (0.24, 1.27) | 0.1607 |
a P-value from Wald Chi-square test of Type 3 Analysis